I know linux isn’t for everyone, but self hosting on windows is self-inflicted punishment. It’s just not the right platform. Sure it’s doable, but it’s death by a thousand papercuts.
TECHNICALLY (yes, I’m fun at parties) you need 3 commands, as you also need to do an “apt update” after adding the repo. But we can chain commands of course. Do chained commands count as one? We could debate that for hours. Like why I prefer vi.
I’ve got Docker up and running, but getting anything to work within Docker or getting a machine to access the services that it says are running is a different story
This sounds like ports aren’t forwarded correctly. At least that’s a regular problem I have. ss -tunlp shows which ports are open and helps me often to find out if I’m just too dumb again ;D
I do think that if you continue to set up services on Linux (with or without docker), you’ll get quickly to a point where setting up a new service takes only a few minutes.
I have worked with Docker/WSL for a number of years and it is more difficult compared to Docker in Linux. There are a lot a unique quirks and bugs that are an absolute pain to deal with.
Would not recommend for any relatively complex use case and certainly not for a server.
If you have a spare computer, install proxmox on it.
There are loads of tutorials how to do this, it has a good installer, after which it’s all a web based GUI.
Use it to spin up VMs to your heart’s content, create scripts to automatically provision a new Ubuntu or Debian or whatever flavour. Or run up some Windows VMs. You can pass through GPUs and other devices (tho this can be difficult, again lots of tutorials out there).
Be prepared to spend some time learning proxmox. It took me 2 or 3 installs to figure out the best way to set up networks, storage etc. Mostly cause I just jumped in, found something that could be better, googled that and found a useful tutorial on it so started again.
But once proxmox is running, everything else become so much easier
I don’t think proxmox is great if you don’t know Linux yet. It’s an additional tool to understand. But I do regret not getting into proxmox earlier, since it makes trying new things so much easier.
That’s a pretty broad question.
How many nodes are you running? Are you using CEPH? Or another flavour of distributed storage? Or external nas/san? Or just local arrays? Zfs? Btrfs?
What’s your backup strategy? Do you use Proxmox Backup Server?
If you can figure out what you don’t like about your current setup, there will probably be a tutorial or article about alternatives.
Sometimes they can be applied without having to reinstall (actually, 99% of them probably can. Sometimes I just find it easier to start from scratch tho)
Windows is just not ready for this stuff. Most of this stuff is built for Linux. Linux is THE server OS. And windows is painful for developers too, so there’s less solutions for it.
You’ll be a lot better off with Linux for self hosting.
For what it’s worth, I usually install Ubuntu Server instead of Debian because it comes with a few more things out-of-the-box that I would install anyway. I have several installations of 22.04 that have been upgraded since 16.04 and they work no problem. (I also have a few Debian installations working similarly well.)
Incredible story. This is making me reflect on a lot of things. I’ve had the same feelings re: projection of the mind, and I feel much calmer hearing this. Thank you so much for sharing.
People often think about death as some kind of positive non-existence when in reality death can’t by definition be experienced. If it feels like something then it’s the process of dying people are talking about. Not being dead. I believe the closest thing to death we can “experience” is general anesthesia and the people who have gone thru that know there’s nothing to experience. Just a teleportation from one moment to another.
This actually makes me believe in some form of “rebirth”. Not in the sense most people think about it but since consciousness can only experience being but not “not being” then it seems very likely that death just means that your experience moves from one place to another. If there’s a break in between you can’t experience it. You just can’t help but keep having experiences.
Really interesting stuff. Sam Harris made a fascinating podcast about this subject. As a subscriber I can give free links to the full episode if you’re interested. Just send me a PM.
Quantum suicide is really interesting, I’ve always thought something like this could be possible and this is the first time I’m learning that there’s a word for it. There’s something intuitive about it, I bet lots of people also feel the same way. I’ve been in a few potentially near-death situations and one specific thought always pops into my head afterwards, “I wonder how many versions of me just died from that.”
That’s a terrifying thought. But then what happens when you get very old? We don’t live forever. And even if some life extension technology is discovered before we die, what about everyone in the past who died? Did they all end up in a reality where some incredible technology figured out how to keep everyone conscious indefinitely? What about people who lived before we even knew what viruses were? As intuitive as it feels, it doesn’t seem to pass the smell test. I would guess that some of the “intuition” I’m feeling is actually just a fear of dying
There’s this hypothesis called Quantum Archaeology, I’m not a scientist and I don’t know how believable this is (If you think you understand Quantum Physics, it means you definitely don’t and all that), but there’s an idea that the universe may “remember” details about… well… everything, and this “memory” could be tapped into by a sufficiently advanced computer capable of datamining reality itself… Allowing you to bring anyone back from the dead, provided you have enough ink in your 3D Printer and all the 1’s and 0’s that make up what ancient people mistook for a soul.
I gave you how I understand it, it’s likely more complicated than that if it’s indeed real. (Never got a solid answer one way or another, a friend of mine talked about it once… He was very anti-mysticism and pro-rationalism, so I took it more seriously than I would have if some Spirit Science Hippie told me about it… He up and vanished one day, never found out what happened.)
If Quantum Archaeology AND Quantum Immortality/Quantum Suicide hold true, it’s possible that once you get old enough the only timelines left to “jump to” are societies in the far future where Quantum Archeaology is a puzzle that’s been cracked.
Heck, maybe Heaven & Hell and are merely some Dyson Swarm powered Alien Satellite somewhere that’s just been left to “Crunch the numbers” as it were. I don’t know, anything’s possible in an infinite and unknowable universe.
I may have misread or misunderstood, but it sounded like you said Sam Harris believed that somehow you experienced a form of “rebirth”, where you appear somewhere else after death, and talked about this on a podcast.
If that’s not what you meant, I apologize, that is how I understood what you wrote.
The podcast was about death in general and what I was talking about is just one thing he talked about. It’s not something he believes in per se but just an idea he entertained. I can link you the full episode if you’re interested.
EDIT: I explained this theory a little further in another thread:
I find the non-experience of general anesthesia to be quite comforting in two ways.
Assuming that from the first person perspective it’s indistinguishable from death then it confirms that death is not just some kind of positive non-existence. You’re not left floating in a black void. It’s not that there’s a gap in the movie that’s just a blank screen. That entire section is removed. You go from one moment to another entirely skipping what happened inbetween. From first person perspective that gap doesn’t exist. You never really went unconsciouss. You went from experiencing the drugs starting to take effect to waking up. Death is probably just like this except that there’s no jump from experience to another but experience just stops.
The another thing about this is that maybe death doesn’t stop experience. Since you cannot experience not existing then maybe death is no different from general anesthesia; you die here and then in an instant you’re (what ever that is) transported having some other experience somewhere else in a different body or into whatever that can have experiences. Perhaps this is what people mean by rebirth.
Yes these. Essentially anything that an unidentified user could push data to that would land me in regulatory trouble. I would want to host these things, but I don’t want to become a distributor of anything that would get me a search warrant.
Lemmy instance for me as well. I have a specific community I miss from reddit that I want to replicate, I even have a domain sitting around that’d be good…I just don’t want to store data coming from complete strangers. I also have zero interest in any sort of admin/moderating. So I’ll just go without it and get over it lol
The year is 2025. A massive geomagnetic storm has fried all forms of technology, wiping out hard drives and solid-state drives alike, and scrambled all backup tapes. Coincidentally, a new plastic-eating bacterium has munched on all the compact discs without anyone noticing.
Humanity will rebuild…
The computer chip manufacturing pipeline has been restored, but there is no software to run them. In a dusty office previously owned by a lawyer from a long-defunct dotcom, a treasure trove is discovered. Five metal cabinets filled with paper: the printed Linux kernel source code, in 5-pt comic sans font. One brave soul will enter to transcribe. Mistakes are not an option. We all thank you for your sacrifice.
Conservatives and their politics do not have equal status. In this climate, “both sides” is toxic and suggest each is equally supported and viable. They are not. The right is an incredibly hateful minority end should be treated as such.
Did someone say agree with me or you’re racist? I didn’t see that anywhere. All I saw was calling a goose a goose, or in this case, a fascist party fascists.
No there are not “two sides”. The right wing is a fkn minority. The rest of us want to carry on with our lives. Left center and some conservative. Bigots wanna bigot.
Someone saying that right-wingers are hateful bigots is now somehow the same as declaring trans people universally pedophiles, refusing them medical treatment, and openly advocating for their extermination.
Yes, the conservatives in the “west” have started calling for a cleansing of Trans people out of society, but I guess Holocaust 2 electric boogaloo (and yes I am very consciously using that because the Turfs are now openly working together with Neo-Nazis to the aims of removing the “evil manipulative group trying to destroy our culture/race/sexual orientation”) is equivalent to someone saying bad words bad that conservative group…
No, we just no longer feel the need to tolerate you. You do not adhere to our (pretty fucking simple) philosophy of leaving people be unless a crime has been committed. That’s all tolerance is. You dont need to ask questions. You dont have to remember a list of strawman pronouns. You just have to mind your fuckin’ business. The fed isn’t going to coddle you like reddit did. We want you the fuck out. Fuck off back to EH with the rest of the question askers.
The right! Leaving people alone! Lol! Lefties want “treat every one well” and the right passes law after law removing rights from specific lists of people, starting with those they seem as politically weakest (trans, gay, poor, black). The party of “small government” sure wants a lot of social control laws.
And yes explicitly, lefties want to remove any “right” to treat people “you don’t categorically like” badly.
Fuck the right wing, seriously wtf.
Stop being mean to everyone. Then no one would care about you at all.
well the right thinks anything that makes you not exactly like them is a crime. Including thinking and having different opinions and ideas. Therefore they do adhere?
I think you might be leaning towards the paradox of intolerance and the recent solution for it which has become very popular.
A tolerant society must be intolerant of intolerance.
This philosophical concept seems paradoxical but actually it’s been solved via another philosophical concept. The social contract. Hate speech in almost every instance violates the social contract thus putting those who engage in it in violation of the social contract. It is not being intolerant at that juncture to remove that person from society. It is not intolerance but a violation of contractual obligation.
And funnily enough, these bigots nearly always hail from “the land of the free”. Where “free” apparently only applies to their own ability to freely attack others and try restrict their freedom.
Now you’ve convinced me! I really ought to have been the bigger man when my mom called me in the middle of the night to tell me that Trump’s a martyr like Jesus and that the Democrats are performing demonic baby-eating rituals inside underground tunnels, and just let her keep screaming about me being a brainwashed woke communist because we just have little differences and we all need to get along.
Haha, nope. I want scorched earth on every one of those conspiracy nut fuckers holding right-wing parties around the balls, since they went after my family with their brainrot. I don’t give a shit that a handful of people exist who don’t explicitly support Jewish Space Laser Marge or Venmo Bribes Clarence, because y’all still vote lock step to keep these crazy loons around because Roe v. Wade is worth killing for $300 extra on next year’s tax return.
Probably not as miserable as it is to have to spend all your energy pretending to not see how your political ideas have fully doomed humanity to drive itself extinct
Especially when they’re in one of those God-ugly American Pickup Trucks with headlights that are right at eye level for anyone in a normal car. Even being followed by a forty year old Mack semi isn’t nearly as bad, because they’ve at least got sealed beam headlights.
This is why I always have the high beans on when driving my 90’s car. I’ve got to fit in with the cool kids (oh and be able to see the road despite the blinding lights coming at me.)
Not sure if you are joking or not. But at times that’s actually what I think about and sometimes even do. If there is a car with too bright lights coming down the road I’ll turn on the high beams because it reduces my ability to see the road otherwise.
My pet peeve is not just the brightness, but the blueness. These things are fucking blue raspberry slurpee blue. Paired with a very reddish orange turn signal they come up behind me and indicate and I think I’m getting pulled over for a sec.
On a similar note I’ve thought I was being followed by police with the bright spotlight thing they sometimes have on their cars several times just due to the crazy headlights.
Might be some solace in the near future. Pixel Light is becoming a thing, where the car will selectively black out part of the headlight beam for oncoming traffic.
They installed LEDs in the road lights near me and they had a faulty film cover that turned purple 😆 now they whole highway is light up purple at night!
Granted I need to figure out how to browse communities….but if there isn’t a Lemmy version of /r/rimjob_steve we definitely need to make one. That never got old for me.
Edit: I went ahead and created the community! Find it here!
Have you ever seen a do-it-yourself one without all the flaws and bubbles? If I gave a shit about looking cool in my vehicle I would save up to have it done right.
I have, but those guys were kinda cheating. They had worked as tint installers previously, and knew what they were doing. Did some badass decal applications as well.
I think it’s much less intimidating to new users now compared to when I joined last year. The barrier to entry has been reduced significantly.
There are tons of active communities now, mobile apps that work great (this is a big one), and many more tools to block content that you don’t want to see.
From an end user perspective there’s not that much to think about, thankfully.
Basically, it’s like having two websites that mirror each other’s content. You can sign up for Forum A and be able to read and write posts that users on Forum B can also see. People’s names are tagged with the name of the forum they are registered at, but otherwise everything you do and see happens on your own site of choice and there’s no difference where it comes from.
If Forum A doesn’t like Forum C, but Forum B doesn’t mind, Forum A can choose to disconnect from Forum C and hide their users and posts, while Forum B can still see both. It only gets tricky when someone from Forum B makes a post that people from both Forums A and C are in, but all of the posts from C users are invisible to A users.
Most often I’ve seen instances use as super communities. Largely revolving around a bigger topic. KDE runs their own with their own subcommunities for instance. They are far from the only ones. Just the one I use the most and a came to mind first. Having your own instance slap server allows you far more control over your communities then just hosting on someone else’s server. But from an end user perspective very largely transparent. not even being noticeable oftentimes.
It’s like how there’s loads of different email providers but they can all still email each other.
Just like Gmail can send mail to Outlook and any other @EmailProvider.com, lemmy.world can populate it’s feed/comments from lemm.ee and any other @LemmyInstance.com
I still have no clue how instances work but whatever I’m doing has been working fine for nearly a year
You have a user account “Got_Bent”, on an instance (you can think of this as a “server”), lemmy.world. That’s your home instance. Thus, you are @Got_Bent.
You can view communities on that instance. This post, in fact, is on a community on the lemmy.world instance, !fediverse.
You can also view communities on any other other instances that lemmy.world is federated with (which is most of them). For example, !unitedkingdom. By-and-large, you can use them the same way you can communities on your home instance.
Reddit is pretty similar, just that with Reddit, there’s only one “instance”, Reddit.
Instances might go down (so users with that instance as their home instance can’t log in and communities on that instance aren’t accessible. Some have certain rules about what users who use that instance as their home instance can do. Others have certain rules about what communities on their instance are allowed to do. For example, my home instance, lemmy.today, wants to avoid defederating with other instances (which means that people with that home instance can see all other content). Some instances, like beehaw.org, want to keep some content that might be objectionable to their users out, and will tend to defederate with other instances if they consider them to be problematic. Some instances allow hosting communities that have pornography (like lemmynsfw.com) and some do not (like sh.itjust.works). Same thing for communities dealing with religion or extreme political views, and so on.
In general, it’s helpful to have a home instance in the same rough part of the world as you, as it’ll make things more-responsive.
It’s also worth noting I’ve recently been seeing a lot of Linux posts from people who just switched, this was somewhat of a trend on Reddit as well but imo the Linux posting has gotten noticeably less toxic toward newer users and a lot more understanding of the “using Linux without wanting to spend hours configuring everything” perspective.
Side point that’s somewhat related to that: I wonder how the growth of other platforms FOSS platforms like Lemmy, Mastodon, Matrix, etc. has impacted Linux project development. Not sure if it’s just me but it seems like it’s helped a lot with making Linux communities more accessible.
Anyway to make the all page more diverse? I feel like it’s just 10 communities that appear there and it’s basically broken down to tech, memes and politics. I’m on lemmy.world and ysint voyager. Every once in a while I see stuff from sh.itjust.works.
I know when I used to use kbin, you first had to let your device sync with other instances before they started populating onto your feed.
Didn’t even think to try scaled. It most definitely is showing more diverse posts. Downside is that it brings back a lot of non english speaking communities. Still a good option for exploring though!
Set your language options in your profile settings, should hide some of them, I think they’re still working on improving Lemmy’s default language settings
New user here…what? Easy to use? I’ve gotten to the point where I know how to do things, but, it’s still needlessly complicated. Yes there are many active communities, but there are also not very many of them. The ironic thing is, you need to be discussing mainstream topics on the non-mainstream platform. If I wanted to talk about my favorite band? Nobody is here to do that. And if I do find a niche community here, but it’s on another instance? NOW I know what to do. But when I first got here, I was ONLY subscribing to sublemmys on .world because it’s the only way I knew how.
For this platform to grow, we’re going to have to make it easy. Like, braindead easy.
Make it so you just click “join”. Make it so you’re logged in across ALL of Lemmy. Your posts may originate from Lemmy.World, but a non-techie wouldn’t know or care about any of that. I see Lemmy making a big deal about the seperate instances. Like it’s a selling point. It’s only a selling point for people smart enough to understand it.
But imagine Britney. Now Britney is a fictional person I just made up to represent your bottom of the barrel intelligence level of people these days. Britney is just some pretty valley girl. She doesn’t know what RSS is. She’s never heard of Linux, despite having an android phone. Britney is who you cater the site to. Because Britney is America. She wants sublemmys about “The Voice” and “The Masked Singer”. She wants a sublemmy for Taylor Swift. I think you’re starting to get the type of person I’m talking about.
You can still operate Lemmy almost exactly how it is now. Just make it so even if you know NONE of that stuff, you can still operate it freely. I will use MySpace as an example (for the brief 4 years it was the top social media). There was a default MySpace look. If all you did was sign up, and do nothing else, you still had a myspace account, and you could still customize it to an extent. It’s the basic profile everyone thinks of when you think of a myspace profile. The colors, the layout, the look. It was still usable. Then you had people using CSS and HTML and I think Javascript was available. Now suddenly you have 50 different profiles, all looking completely different. All functioning exactly the same, but you could go as deep or as shallow as you wanted.
THATS what this site needs. Don’t take away the stuff for the techie people. Let them go nuts. Let them do crazy things with this platform. But also, to increase userbase, make it as shallow as possible unless the user changes things. America wants shallow and not challenging. America doesn’t want to think. Britney just wants a place to type “I LOVE TAYLOR! I LOVE TAYLOR! I LOVE TAYLOR!” over and over. You can keep her happy, and keep yourselves happy. And I’m somewhere in the middle. It needs to be a platform that conforms to the user. Because if the user needs to conform to the platform, they will not join that platform.
Yeah I’m trying to remember how we used to do it (the last time I went through a normal checkout with a full shop was probably 10 years ago) and this seems right.
Gotta have the heavy stuff handy so you can put it straight into the bottom of the bags. Anything else is wasting time!
Last? I want those first, they are usually in very sturdy containers so putting some stuff on top is fine. They are also usually heavy and heavy stuff goes first. Also if they leak, I want them to leak out of the bottom of the bag and not over all the groceries and then out of the bottom of the bag
On Lemmy, there’s no good reason. But they may be carrying over habits from other sites where there is harsh censorship of non-advertiser-friendly language
Because swearing is a natural part of the human experience and most level headed people don’t feel the need to suppress human expression.
Swearing serves an important biological need to express emotion and communicate. Psychologically, we swear to express strong emotions and when people swear, they are inherently viewed as more trustworthy or honest. Swearing helps people bond.
Man MLK’s entire political career was being an anti-white racist, shut the fuck up cracker. Just because you got the whitewashed version of him which wiped away all the stuff he actually stood for just so that liberals could pat themselves on the back that they weren’t a part of it.
EDIT: He even has a famous speech about “The white moderate” how much more obvious does he have to be??
Please tell me how calling out racism is white supremacy…
I bet you can’t.
He also seemed to think not all white people were bad
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny.
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
Go back to whatever hateful little spot you are from and realise you will never get out of it by hating people for things they haven’t done.
I’ll say this. Your bullshit is consistent, though wrong.
You keep using racial slurs against me, yet I haven’t responded in kind. I think we know who the bigot in this situation is. And it the one throwing out the accusations of white supremacy and littering their speech with hateful little slurs thinking they have a point.
You don’t have a point and I’m not going to continue to engage with you. Go yell into the void
I’ll leave you with this: Using hate to justify hate is how those white supremacy idiots want you to act. They want you at the throats of white people so they can justify their hate. Congratulations you fell for their shit.
“An eye for an eye makes the whole world go blind”
I think there’s some miscommunication here. You’re the only person in this thread that brought up slurs. Everyone else is talking about swear words which is a different thing. I don’t think anyone here is saying slurs aren’t bad. What people are saying is it should be ok to use swear words, which you just demonstrated with your comment.
I’m not confused, misogo is so rampant that people don’t even consider them to be slurs, kind of like what used to happen to ableist slurs.
I’m willing to bet a good amount of people in this comment section used to use ableist slurs before they were told not to, because they treat slurs as “words I’m not allowed to say” rather than genuinely not wanting to hurt the groups that said slurs are targeting.
They’re not talking about swearing. Call someone a fucking shit-eating worm is fine. But on the other hand are words used to insult marginalized groups (women, homosexuals, the mentally disabled, etc.). B/*itch, wh/*ore, c/*nt; c/*cksucker, f/*g; r/*tard, a/*tist, etc.
These are the words being blocked. Not swears, slurs. You can say fuck, shit, damn, and hell all you want.
For what it’s worth, I tend to fall on the side of a little bit being fine. I don’t use those words (except the slurs against w/*men), but if there’s one thing I fucking hate, it’s Scolds. If Felix Biederman wants to call people r/*tards and c/*cksuckers, I think he should be allowed to, and I’m not going to try to cancel him for it.
see the problem I have here is by banning a word that is used as a slur maybe once every 1000 times you remove the 999 times it was not used as a slur, thereby making the situation worse rather than better. Banning words does fuck all to promote a healthier culture, all it does is make the vultures migrate to the next word they load up with negative connotations
The same can be said of any gendered term. That’s honestly a comment on the context more than the word.
If you say the word bitch is as offensive as the f slur, t slur or n word, then you’re saying those slurs are as harmless as the word bitch. If you believe that, I am offended by you. Do not put them in the same group.
You know what it’s called when you do something someone has clearly stated they don’t like? It’s called rape culture, but that’s not a conversation any of you crackers are ready to have yet. You all still need to have basic decency explained to you in a youtube essay.
Let’s get something straight right here, rape culture is not simply doing something that someone else has expressed a distaste for. Going into a public forum that you do not own or have control over, asking/telling the people there to act a certain way, and them responding by ignoring that request is not rape culture.
If it was a more private situation, like a group chat among friends, or even a public forum but an individual discussion between a small group of 2-3 people talking directly to each other, respect should be given to requests. If you were having a back and forth conversation with someone, and asked them not to swear while talking with you, they should respect that. But coming into public forum and demanding everyone else adhere to your rules, then spouting “rape culture” if they don’t follow along, is only cheapening the phrase “rape culture” and removing meaning from it.
No words should be cheapened. None of them. Not Nazi, not Fascist, not woke, and not anything else.
They all have meanings for a reason. Better we all learn them and use em correctly instead of throwing the word at something irrelevant just because we don’t it as if we were children.
Fun fact 1: if you do get banned or have your comments removed you’ll only know if you check the modlogs. And likely only if you check the modlogs of the instance that took action against you as the modlogs don’t fully sync between each other.
It means that area of land is higher then other areas. The Golan heights sits on a plateau above the rest of the surrounding area. Washington heights is named after an old Fort Washington…and the fort was built on top of the highest hill in the area.
That’s certainly where it comes from. It’s not always actually true though. Sometimes someone just liked the name and didn’t even think about what it meant.
It’s like the name Lakeview. I’ve been to more than just a couple places named Lakeview something or another. Streets, towns, apartment complexes. The only thing they all had in common is that not a single one of them had a view of a lake.
To be fair, I assume you're American and you guys call the main course the entrée. What else can one expect from uncultured barbarians that they don't respect the most basic laws of human decency? I mean, what's next? Wearing a hat inside? Disgusting.
Globally the US doesn’t rank that high in language or ethnic diversity. Essentially all of Africa is more diverse both ethnically and linguistically. If you want to look at religious diversity, the US doesn’t rank that high either.
Having lots of very small communities of immigrants in a society that primarily speaks 1 language and is majority one religion is not that diverse.
My town has a “Valley View” that is always amusing. Yeah, it’s at the bottom of a small valley, so there’s no view except the immediately surrounding houses
I feel like news sources used to link to their sources too, but now it seems to be an infinite chain of links to their own articles, never directly taking you to the first hand source of information (unless they are the source).
That’s why you don’t use Wikipedia as your primary source, you follow the citations. Of course, if you can’t verify that it’s accurate information, don’t report it, but it can be used as a jump off to find a legitimate source if the information you cant immediately verify is useful.
The thing is, if the place you’re getting your information from doesn’t list it’s sources, you can’t trust it. Whenever I’m researching a thing on the internet and I find an article or a paper, I don’t just stop there, I check where they got their info, then I find that source and read it. I follow it all the way back until I find the primary source.
Like the other day I was writing a paper about a particular court case. In the opinions, as in most cases, they use precedent and cite prior cases. So I found the other cases that referred to the thing I was writing about, and it turns out they were also just using prior cases. I had to go 6 deep before I found them referencing the actual constitution for one of them. On another I found it interesting that the most recent use case was so far removed from what the original one was about and it was could probably be questionable to even use it as precedent if they had used the original instead of another case.
Anyway, the point is, always check sources. If anyone says anything on the internet, assume it’s just their opinion until you check and follow the sources…
Are you familiar with Harlow V Fitzgerald, and the full text of article 1983 including the 16 words that went missing in n 1874 when it was “copied” from the Congressional Record into the Federal Register? I’m not a lawyer, but I do want that decision reviewed, since as the law was written and passed by Congress, Harlow V Fitzgerald should have gone the other way.
Coffman finds her next target in the footnotes of the article about the tank division. This one’s name is Franz Kurowski, and he seems to pop up all over the place. Kurowski served in the Luftwaffe. After the war, he tried his hand at all sorts of popular writing, often with a pseudonym to match: Jason Meeker and Slade Cassidy for his crime fiction and westerns, Johanna Schulz and Gloria Mellina for his chick lit. But his accounts of the Second World War made him famous under his own name. Kurowski’s stories weren’t subtle. As the German historian Roman Töppel writes in a critical essay: “They depict war as a test of fate and partly as adventure. German war crimes are left out—much unlike allied war crimes.”
To understand this dubious chronicler better, Coffman goes to Google, where she comes upon a book called The Myth of the Eastern Front. It describes how, in the immediate aftermath of the war, characters like Kurowski worked to rehabilitate the image of the German army—to argue that a few genocidal apples had spoiled the barrel. With a guy like Hitler to pin the blame on, the rest was easy. The so-called “myth of the clean Wehrmacht” took root on both sides of the Atlantic: German society needed to believe that not everyone who wore a gray uniform was evil, and the Americans were courting every anti-Communist ally they could find. Then, in the mid-1990s, a museum exhibit cataloging the crimes of the Nazi-era military traveled throughout Germany. An odd situation emerged: Germans began to speak more honestly about the Wehrmacht than non-Germans did.
When Coffman reads this, something clicks. She is dealing with a poisonous tree here. She shouldn’t be throwing out individual pieces of fruit. She should be chopping it off at the trunk. She starts to pivot from history (the facts themselves) to historiography (the way they’re gathered). She begins to use Wikipedia to document the false historical narrative, and its purveyors, and then make the fight about dubious sources rather than specific articles.
Until we have reliable and wide-temperature operating superconductors, electronics are limited by electrical resistance in the materials that conduct electricity. So the materials inside CPUs have resistance. With chemistry we’ve lowered it as much as we can, but for it to still be a semiconductor (the material that makes transistors and CPUs work) there are practical limits and we’ve hit those with humanity’s knowledge today.
Take your hand palm flat and place it on the floor next to your foot. Put some weight on your hand and drag your hand quick from your toes to your heel. Your hand got a little warm from the friction, right? Now imagine doing that same hand dragging exercise from your bedroom all the way to your living room. HOT HOT HAND! Friction is the same thing that causes heat in CPUs. The friction is the electrons flowing rubbing against the resistance in the conductor.
So we’ve got heat limiting us, and the more distance we have, the more heat we have, the more limits on CPU speed we have.
So with present day CPUs, how can we make less heat? Use less distance in the CPU from place to place inside it.
This is where we come to your 3 nm (nanometers). This is the measurement of the width (of a part called the “gate”) of one single transistor inside the CPU. Its 3 times smaller than say a 9 nm gate technology CPU. Our new CPU has 3 times less distance to travel which also means it needs less electricity to do the same work. Less electricity also means less heat because there fewer electrons rubbing against the conductor’s resistance.
So less distance to travel, and fewer electrons needed to travel. Thats good stuff for making faster CPUs!
So now you ask, why are we stopping at 3nm? Why not 1nm right now? In short, we don’t have the technology for it yet. CPUs are made with, believe it or not a photographic process! Light in the specific shape of the CPU circuit is shined on specially prepared silicon. Chemicals make part of that silicon conduct, and some part NOT conduct. This is semiconductor lithography. I could go down a whole separate line for this, but this isn’t what you asked so I’ll leave off right here.
Don’t forget about capacitance. Longer distances == more capacitance to charge up on state transitions. This wastes power and puts a ceiling on how quickly you can switch.
IIRC, anything less than 7-10nm is mostly marketing-speak anyway. Tunneling is a real limit at that scale, but chipmakers keep advertising smaller numbers as a performance-class figure rather than a physical size.
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