The brighter spots are the nuclei of the Pr, Sc, and O atoms, which are reflecting the electrons of the scanning beams (because they’re comparatively much heavier).
The space in between the nuclei is where the electrons from all of the atoms are. Because the atoms are bound as PrScO3, the electrons are shared and not really part of any one particular atom or other.
Technically all of it is “the atoms” because the electrons are part of the structure as much as the protons and neutrons.
The drawing in the lower right shows how the atoms are arranged. The double spots are the nuclei of two Pr atoms very close together. The slightly fainter, elongated spots are actually ScO2 that is arranged as O-Sc-O. The fainter single spots are the other O nuclei that fill out the PrScO3 structure.
The yellow areas are the ‘shades’ of the nuclei, but do not reflect their actual size. The lattice constant of the crystal according to the figure is 59 pm = 59 e-12 m, which is the horizontal or vertical distance you see between two of the Pr couples. The actual size of a nucleus would be of order ~ 10 fm = ~ 10 e-15 m.
So, this image was made with a scanning electron microscope - actually several arranged in a grid somewhat similar to a digital camera sensor. Basically the way this works is that a beam of electrons (kind of like a laser, but electrons instead of photons) is fired at the material being scanned. The electrons bounce off of anything heavier than they are, such as the protons and neutrons in the nucleus (electrons are about 1/2000 of the mass of a proton). Some of the electrons bounce back into the detection grid of the microscope.
So the bright spots are where the electrons bounced off of the nuclei back into the detection grid. You can’t really get an image of an electron cloud with an electron microscope because electrons are all the same mass, so if you hit one with another one they both move away in random directions (hitting one billiard ball with another). Comparatively hitting a proton with an electron isn’t strong enough to move the proton very much (hitting a house with a billiard ball).
The upshot of all that is that the bright spots in the image show where the protons and neutrons of the atoms were most likely to be during the scanning (it’s really difficult to talk about anything absolute at this scale, everything is probabilistic).
Also yes, this image is a very tiny area, literally a few atoms across. It’s very impressive, and it basically amounts to visual proof that what we believe to be true about molecular bonding is true because the picture actually shows what the theory predicts.
This picture shows the influence of the nuclei, not the nuclei themselves. The nuclei are much smaller. If you throw an electron at an atom, the nucleus will change that electron’s direction even if it doesn’t hit it, just by being close.
That is only sort of true - this image is not made of electrons reflected by the nuclei. These are results from TEM imaging, so Transmission Electron Microscopy. The electron detector is placed behind the sample.
What you are describing is SEM - Scanning Electron Microscopy - in that case, the detector can be placed above the sample, for example (but not limited to) circularly around the beam to measure the backscattered electrons
In TEM the samples are cut into very thin slices (in the picture you posted it is said to be between 0.8nm - 30nm) and the crystal lattice acts as a diffraction grating for the electron beam. The diffraction pattern can be then used to reconstruct the crystal lattice structure.
Well, if you follow the principles of propositional logic, the only implies that Be Gay => Don’t Understand This. It doesn’t imply Don’t Understand This => Be Gay. So people who don’t understand this don’t necessary have to be gay. But all gay people have to struggle understanding this.
Did you know that it’s possible for a woman to insert a finger deep into her vagina and push on the thin flap of skin separating the inside of her vagina from the inside of her butt to help push out stuck poop and never be constipated? Because I sure didn’t know this until i read about it in a reddit comment.
That’s exactly why you look for a tablets specifically for kids. The features you want are parental control, time locking, and app screening.
The entire future of learning is built around screens. Kids take standardized tests on touchscreens. They will do their taxes in an app, research topics with the internet, communicate with their peers in messaging apps, apply for jobs in apps, and build new tools through programming.
They must learn to use screens effectively without getting addicted to them.
Kids who learn those skills early, who practice using a tablet and then putting it down, those kids will be better equipped to go put into the world.
I agree with you that too many parents use screens as babysitters. And while tablets are more addictive and predatory, that’s been a problem since screens existed. There’s a cool documentary on it calles The Cable Guy.
Can’t believe this is controversial, it should be public knowledge that most children’s items with wifi capability are a privacy nightmare. Nobody should be downvoting what you just said.
Yes that’s why kids’ tablets exist. They’re less powerful devices loaded with a special version of android that’s been MDM’d up the ass to give parents strict control over how their children use the thing. It helps you regulate screen time to a safe level instead of depriving your child of it entirely.
What concerns me the most (I’m not a parent) is the advertising and deliberately addictive games. I think forcibly shutting it off is not a good idea as you are basically becoming a drug dealer to the kid.
Maybe make them willing shut it off instead of forcing it off. If they aren’t mature enough to do that they either the software is terrifyingly addictive or they are to young.
Do you also support “just say no to drugs” and abstinence only sex ed? Screens, as a concept, are not literally the devil. It’s unmonitored and unlimited screen time that’s the issue.
E: Damn y’all are dense. “Just say no” was a failed messaging campaign from the war on drugs. The alternative isn’t “say yes to drugs”; it’s actual education about drugs so you know what they are and the actual dangers they can pose. The “just say no” campaign taught that weed was a “gateway drug” and that everyone that tries the devil’s lettuce will start using cocaine, amphetamines, and there’s a 100% chance you’ll become a homeless junkie and die of an overdose. It was about as ignorant as you can get.
No need to be an asshole and no need to presume I’m stupid. My kids dont have any tablet, we monitor screen/tv time and they play with my phone from time to time. That’s enough for at least until they’re 12. Every recent study shows that kids spend way too much time staring at screen… It should be less then one hour a day, we keep it under two. I teach to young adult and this generation is litteraly addicted to their phone. Most have a 6 minutes attention spam and get anxious if they can’t look at their phone for more then 10 minutes. Lot’s of my friends kids have their own device and the parents keeps fighting with them over screen time. You do what you want, I’ll keep my way.
Um yeah, just say no to drugs. Marijuana is fine but it’s never made anyone more productive when used recreationally. Cigarettes are horrible for you, alcohol is dangerous, and any more hardcore drugs can be life-ruining.
And when talking about kids, yeah, they should avoid having sex until they’re like 17 or 18. When they’re basically adults. Nobody is telling 14 year olds that it’s okay to have sex, because at that age, it’s likely coerced. And especially not those who are the subject of “best tablets for kids.”
I hope you aren’t letting your kids smoke Marijuana. That is really, really bad if you are.
As far as tablets go you just need to be careful of how and when they are used. It also depends on the age of the child. They best answer is almost always education.
Honestly I love my tablet for reading manga. I know that as a kid I would have found a way to use it for other things but I think I would consider it for my kid for reading manga and comics. Maybe some type of e ink device…
As one of seemingly very few people that still buys CDs, they have become extremely difficult to find. Personally, I have to drive 90+ miles to the nearest store that sells them and pay a 25% markup when I get there, or order them off Amazon, in which case they always arrive with a broken case. I’m not counting Walmart because they only sell kpop and NOW cds. Target only sells kpop and Taylor Swift.
you’re probably lying or this is kind of placebo effect .
opus, with some exceptions, can reach transparency at even 150kbps (and of course you can and should go higer)
if the difference does exist it will never be “clear” to a human
Is ogg lossless? Just because you have limited hearing doesn’t mean there aren’t people who can hear differences. There are women who can see more colors than normal people (tetrachromacy). Assuming someone is lying because they aren’t hearing damaged is absurd. Also young kids have better hearing(less damage) than adults, hearing damaged from work or life conditions like traffic with windows down.
well if you need both recordings and an audio spectrometer to even notice the difference, it might as well not exist. good lossy compression is indistinguishable from lossless
<0.1% non-perceptible audio quality “difference” is not worth 500% the storage space usage, unless you’re archiving/preserving the audio and absolutely need the original bit-for-bit representation
if you’re just listening to it use opus, or in the worst case ogg vorbis
I’ve done the blind test before and 128k sounds the same as 320k, but flac and wav sounds clear and clean to me. IDK how people can tell the difference between 128k 320k (unless it was back in the day when encoding took longer and they used bad quality to save time)
Yes, i actually can’t listen to Spotify (even their HD) because the quality is so bad (sounds noticably bad to me). I pay for lossless streaming even though some indie music is not available on the lossless service so i go look for it on lossy services.
I’ve done this test before, a zip folder with all 4 sources all same file size and you can listen to them and note how each sounds then you can read which one is which later from another source
I don’t mean to be insensitive but what’s keeping you at a job that hasn’t given you a raise in 9 years? I would have been polishing up my resume after year 2s review with nothing to show for it
Loss aversion, role scarcity, non compete contract, retirement package, and family. Not always as simple as just following the money. Question isn’t insensitive at all, putting yourself in someone’s shoes in a complex situation you don’t understand though is just flippantly presumptuous.
I took a promotion without a pay rise on the agreement it would come when pay was reviewed annually. A shit deal, but one I was prepared to accept on the balance of things. I made clear that if they didn’t follow through then I would immediately demote myself and start looking for a new job.
Pay review came around and it was below inflation. I immediately demoted myself and started looking for a new job. I even requested an internal transfer that was denied (made them too much money where I was).
I handed in my notice a short while later and everyone was, to my surprise, surprised. I really didn’t understand why the shock…until I learned in due course that most people don’t follow through.
Funnier still, I returned 6 months later (due to a quirk in contracts) at double the salary in the dept I requested a transfer to.
Anyway my point is - do what is to your benefit, always. Companies can play games - as can you.
I handed in my notice a short while later and everyone was, to my surprise, surprised. I really didn’t understand why the shock…until I learned in due course that most people don’t follow through.
When I was a young adult, I used to work as a lab tech in a plasma center. That involved taking liter bottles of plasma, checking the computer system, filling out paperwork, drawing fluid and taking blood vials to run in a centrifuge, and frequently having to redo paperwork because the barely-trained phlebotomists kept sending them to me covered in drops of blood. Of course, this not only took longer, but meant I had to sanitize the entire area, change PPE, and get shit from the rest of the team for not just taking their biohazard-contaminated paperwork regardless. The room held 50 to 100 donors at a time, and the lab team was just two people.
My immediate boss would routinely just fucking disappear or taking random lunches, even during rushes, leaving me to handle everything on my own. She’d get pissy over small things, and spent time chatting with management in the offices, just hanging out, while I did all the work.
One day, she did something like this and left. I muttered to myself that I was going to quit. I finished the sample I was working on and went into the -40 degree biohazard freezer to store the sample.
Cut to a minute later, I came out of the freezer to see someone from management in the lab, saying “I heard you’re quitting?”
…what?
She said “Fine then. Go ahead and go.” (or something like that.)
I was stunned, but realized that my shitty manager must have heard me on her way out, and fucking told on me. I hadn’t planned on following through, and was mostly just upset at being used, but now?
“Fuck it.” I thought. “I said I’ll do it, so I’ll do it.”
I’m not a good speaker, but I basically stumbled over some short apology like that I would have finished the work day first, but would leave now if she wanted to. Her reply was to get all exasperated, as if she hadn’t expected me to do anything but crumple at being confronted, and she told me “Well, have a nice life then!” as I walked out the door. Never saw her or my shitty manager again. Years later, I did hear my shitty manager had gotten fired or something, for being shit at hear job.
I did, but then the company got bought out, all the people who worked there fired, and I had to move back to a different state with family to avoid being homeless. Kill me…
So true. I’ve seen promises broken for a multitude of reasons: malice, ignorance, naivity, legality…we always reach for malice but it isn’t always.
Same deal though - a company will break promises, so don’t feel any obligation on your part. Of course this needs to be balanced with your reputation in your industry.
As a hiring manager I am sure you’re aware that when consulting professionals in the recruiting field, many people are told to replace their old title with their new one. The position they reach is more important when moving up than the one they had for X period of time, and many employers won’t dig too deep into it, especially if the potential employee can sell themselves.
On a CV someone would put X time at Y company, was role Z. How long role Z was is not normally listed and if I got a multi page CV with every role listed at each company I would toss it.
You want people who other people vetted as good enough to do <blank>. It’s often a first pass filter to even get to your inbox. Why wouldn’t you read the rest of the resume.
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