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@estelle@techhub.social cover
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

estelle

@[email protected]

Here I study a question: "How to subdue people?"
I discuss sociology of dominations and history of reputation.
(I purposely do not propagate news.)

Banner: sepia photo of a 26-year-old facing the camera – Hannah Arendt in 1933

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estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

The social norm is constructed: not naturally occurring but created by the society in which it is found.
Hence there are no actions which in themselves are inherently or universally condemned by all societies at all times. Deviance is thus situational and contextual.

🧶 @sociology @socialpsych

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Rough contact and impact peak around the age of seven. This is gradually replaced by peer monitoring in the years that follow.

Isabelle Clair: "Adolescence is a very normative age. At middle school, "there's a very tough relationship to what's the right thing to do".

Margot Déage: "Physical violence is much more prevalent in elementary/primary school, then decreases in middle school, and progressively through high school."

(fr) https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/france-culture-va-plus-loin-l-invite-e-des-matins/violences-au-college-e-reputation-et-mauvais-genre-5265267

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Margot Déage: "A girl who does not belong to a boy or a man can fall into the category of whore at any time, whatever her clothes or sexual practices."

Margot Déage: "Being in a position to say who’s a whore and who’s a good girl is a power in itself within the girls’ group, a power that is strongly mobilised by certain girls. The ones who can fall, in general, are the hardest on the matter."

(fr) https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/france-culture-va-plus-loin-l-invite-e-des-matins/violences-au-college-e-reputation-et-mauvais-genre-5265267

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"It’s difficult to talk about in absolute terms. What is considered virile depends on social background and age. In my survey, being meant asserting one’s body and physical strength, and accepting sexist insults. Younger people in particular anchor manliness in their bodies in this way. For older men, manliness can be achieved through professional integration. In the end, what is defined as manly is always defined in opposition to ; so being manly is the obligation not to oneself."

"Dominance over girls is expressed in many ways. In adolescence, it manifests itself in the direct control of their sexuality (or any outward sign of sexuality, such as dress, geographical mobility and any form of communication with boys). As a result, they are the focus of that place them in two radically opposed categories: "good girls" and "whores"."

Isabelle Clair, "Les jeunes et l’amour dans les cités" (2008)

@edutooters @patriarchy

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"If a young woman does not follow the social injunction to have feelings in a sexual relationship, she knows that she risks being called to order, being punished. Or to feel shame or guilt. This burden of the social norm is primarily internalised."

"There is, in all circles, the threatening 'spectre of the faggot'. The determination to appear as 'a man, a real man' and secure one's masculinity, while escaping suspicion of homosexuality, which is considered demeaning and dangerous. Some gay boys from privileged backgrounds have told me that they were in a relationship with a girl at school to give the impression, to cover their tracks."

An interview with Isabelle Clair, in 2023 (fr) https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/sexualite/entretien-des-lage-de-15-ans-on-reve-detre-en-couple-explique-cette-sociologue-2fee21ae-cc7e-11ed-8144-e74efc02d2d3 @sociology

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"If a young woman does not follow the social injunction to have feelings in a sexual relationship, she knows that she risks being called to order, being punished. Or to feel shame or guilt. This burden of the social norm is primarily internalised."

"There is, in all circles, the threatening 'spectre of the faggot'. The determination to appear as 'a man, a real man' and secure one's masculinity, while escaping suspicion of homosexuality, which is considered demeaning and dangerous. Some gay boys from privileged backgrounds have told me that they were in a relationship with a girl at school to give the impression, to cover their tracks."

An interview with Isabelle Clair, in 2023 (fr) https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/sexualite/entretien-des-lage-de-15-ans-on-reve-detre-en-couple-explique-cette-sociologue-2fee21ae-cc7e-11ed-8144-e74efc02d2d3 @sociology @edutooters

estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

The social norm is constructed: not naturally occurring but created by the society in which it is found.
Hence there are no actions which in themselves are inherently or universally condemned by all societies at all times. Deviance is thus situational and contextual.

🧶 @sociology @socialpsych

estelle , to histodons
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

In 1910 in Copenhagen, the 2nd International Conference of Socialist Women adopted the idea of an "International Women's Day" from a proposal by Clara Zetkin (German Social Democratic Party), although no date was set.

The "Journal du CNRS" notes that "Women's Day was therefore the initiative of the socialist movement and not of the feminist movement, which was very active at the time". The historian Françoise Picq adds that "it was precisely to counteract the influence of feminist groups on the women of the people that Clara Zetkin proposed this day", rejecting "the alliance with the 'feminists of the bourgeoisie'": https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/journee-des-femmes-la-veritable-histoire-du-8-mars @histodons

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Here is an overview of how British rich nobility weaponised "race" to deport people in servitude.

Let's start with a landmark book:

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

“The term 'Caucasian' as a designation for white people originates in concepts of beauty related to the white slave trade from eastern Europe, and whiteness remains embedded in visions of beauty found in art history and popular culture.”
― Nell Irvin Painter, in "The History of White People"; W. W. Norton (2010); ISBN 978-0-393-07949-4; a 'New York Times' bestseller

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"The still current term connects directly to collective degradation, in the form of the gendered, eastern slave trade, via the network of learned societies that so deeply influenced the in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries."

… wrote Nell Irvin Painter about Johann Friedrich , in a conference at on "Slavery and the Construction of ", 2003: https://glc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/events/race/Painter.pdf

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

“It is still assumed, wrongly, that slavery anywhere in the world must rest on a foundation of racial difference. Time and again, the better classes have concluded that those people deserve their lot; it must be something within them that puts them at the bottom. In modern times, we recognize this kind of reasoning as it relates to black race, but in other times the same logic was applied to people who were white, especially when they were impoverished immigrants seeking work.”
― Nell Irvin Painter, in "The History of White People"; W. W. Norton (2010); ISBN 978-0-393-07949-4; a 'New York Times' bestseller

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

“It is difficult to picture the rich, hard-nosed advisors of James I being overly concerned about the rights of vagabonds and felons. But this was a period that was especially suspicious of arbitrary acts by the Crown against individuals. There was no law enabling the crown to exile anyone, including the baser convict, into forced labour. According to legal scholars, the Magna Carta itself protected even them. The Privy Councillors therefore dressed up what was to befall the convicts and presented the decree authorising their transportation as an act of royal mercy. The convicts were to be reprieved from death in exchange for accepting transportation. (71)”
― Don Jordan and Michael Walsh, "White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain's White Slaves in America" (2007)

@history @histodons 🧶

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

“It is difficult to picture the rich, hard-nosed advisors of James I being overly concerned about the rights of vagabonds and felons. But this was a period that was especially suspicious of arbitrary acts by the Crown against individuals. There was no law enabling the crown to exile anyone, including the baser convict, into forced labour. According to legal scholars, the Magna Carta itself protected even them. The Privy Councillors therefore dressed up what was to befall the convicts and presented the decree authorising their transportation as an act of royal mercy. The convicts were to be reprieved from death in exchange for accepting transportation.” (p. 71)
― Don Jordan and Michael Walsh, "White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain's White Slaves in America" (2007)
⸺
@history @histodons
(to be continued) 🧶

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Let's unwind a yarn of adult domination in film making 🧶

18+ estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"It's the wolf dressed up as Little Red Riding Hood's grandmother."
"To resist that [ascendancy], i would have needed an army of adults."

I was considered "someone whom it's normal to abuse again."
"I feel a bit to blame [...] that it had consequences for women other than me."

Listen in French: https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/l-invite-de-7h50/l-invite-de-7h50-du-jeudi-08-fevrier-2024-5227672 @sociology @psychology @socialpsych @supremacy @patriarchy

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"An estimated 90,000 Kenyans were slaughtered in the Kikuyu uprising while just over a thousand were hanged on a portable gibbet. Some 160,000 were detained in internment camps where torture was routine.

"One of Britain’s victims was US President Barack Obama’s paternal grandfather, Hussein Onyango Obama, who was arrested in 1949, and tortured by having pins inserted under his fingernails."

Kitson brought to Belfast his experiences in Kenya, fighting the Kikuyu Land and Freedom Army (exotically dubbed the “Mau Mau” by the British) in the early 1950s where he honed a practice of using “turned” or “converted” rebels into “counter-gangs”.

Anne Cadwallader: https://www.declassifieduk.org/the-general-who-terrorised-the-colonies/

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"The battle of the Bogside was an important catalyst for change, triggering a determined British government intervention that ended the unionist monopoly on power. But it also marked the beginning of 30 years of violent conflict that would claim the lives of more than 3,600 people and bring untold suffering."

Niall Ó Dochartaigh: https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/why-remember-battle-bogside-troubles-importance/ @histodons

"Teenage Kicks" was created in the same city in 1978. Listen to a later gig: https://yewtu.be/watch?v=PinCg7IGqHg

18+ estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

A doctor in child psychiatry says: "The abuser is capable of waiting to commit the act."
People scare the child by saying "Daddy's going to prison, and you wouldn't want that, because Daddy loves you so much".

"The legal system gives the benefit of the doubt to the aggressor and it's up to the child to provide proof..."
"You know full well that if you report a family that is deprived or in a precarious situation, you're more likely to be believed than if you report a family of teachers or doctors. It becomes a 'social problem' of poor people."

(fr) https://www.frustrationmagazine.fr/inceste-intime-politique/ @sociology @socialpsych by @frustrationmagazine

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

How the UK Security Services neutralised the country’s leading liberal newspaper:
(2019) https://www.declassifieduk.org/how-the-uk-security-services-neutralised-the-countrys-leading-liberal-newspaper/

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"The bank was robbed yesterday with guns and knives."

‘ Such use of passive voice immerses the reader in details while neglecting the doer of the action’.

Study: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364964200_The_Use_of_Passive_Voice_in_News_Reports_for_Political_Purposes

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"Rewriting a passive construction to be active almost always makes what you’re saying clearer."

Example: Millions of dollars were embezzled from the company.
Revision: Two executives embezzled millions of dollars from the company.

Eva Parish: https://evaparish.com/blog/how-i-edit#passive-voice
@patrascan @Nazani @technique @writing

18+ estelle , to histodons
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Many of the kidnapped children were born to families of recent immigrants, living in the poorly maintained and isolated absorption camps where they were settled by state authorities upon their arrival.

"He was informed that the child had died; he couldn’t understand how such a minor injury caused a young child to die in one day. My grandfather, who didn’t know local customs and spoke only Yemenite Arabic and according to my uncle Yitzhak was still in mourning over the passing of his wife, was returned to the camp and did not inquire any further. Just like in so many similar stories, there was no body and there was no grave. But years later, as they found out, the child’s military conscription order arrived at their doorstep."

  • Testimony of Tal-Zahra Lavie

cited in https://jewishstudies.washington.edu/israel-hebrew/israel-kidnapped-children-activism-yemenite-babies-affair/ @histodons

estellep , to random French
@estellep@mastodon.social avatar

"Je parle français ; juste pas le français de la République française, et ce faisant, je lutte contre l’emploi des langues comme outils d’oppression."

Par Florian Maury @x_cli : https://www.broken-by-design.fr/posts/ecriture-inclusive-droit/

estelle ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Using to counter bias favoring masculine-specific representations:
• gender-unmarked forms (neutralization strategy, e.g., “l'enfant”) are not fully effective in neutralizing the masculine bias.
• contracted double forms (re-feminization strategy, e.g., “un·e enfant”) are more effective in promoting gender balance compared to gender-unmarked forms.

Elsa Spinelli, Jean-Pierre Chevrot, @LeoVarnet: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1256779/full @psychology @psycholinguistics @linguistics

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

The terrible human toll in Gaza has many causes.
A chilling investigation by +972 highlights efficiency:

  1. An engineer: “When a 3-year-old girl is killed in a home in Gaza, it’s because someone in the army decided it wasn’t a big deal for her to be killed.”

  2. An AI outputs "100 targets a day". Like a factory with murder delivery:

"According to the investigation, another reason for the large number of targets, and the extensive harm to civilian life in Gaza, is the widespread use of a system called “Habsora” (“The Gospel”), which is largely built on artificial intelligence and can “generate” targets almost automatically at a rate that far exceeds what was previously possible. This AI system, as described by a former intelligence officer, essentially facilitates a “mass assassination factory.”"

  1. "The third is “power targets,” which includes high-rises and residential towers in the heart of cities, and public buildings such as universities, banks, and government offices."

🧶

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

In 2019, the Israeli army created a special unit to create targets with the help of generative AI. Its objective: volume, volume, volume.
The effects on civilians (harm, suffering, death) are not a priority: https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/

@dataGovernance @data @ethics @sociology
@ai @psychology @socialpsych

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

In 2019, the Israeli army created a special unit to create targets with the help of generative AI. Its objective: volume, volume, volume.
The effects on civilians (harm, suffering, death) are not a priority: https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/

@ethics @sociology
@ai @psychology @socialpsych @dataGovernance @data

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

In 2019, the Israeli army created a special unit to create targets with the help of generative AI. Its objective: volume, volume, volume.
The effects on civilians (harm, suffering, death) are not a priority: https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/

@ethics @sociology @ai @psychology @socialpsych @dataGovernance @data

estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

How healthcare became official and a luxury – something that the rich elite had recourse to, and which everyone else had to do without: https://going-medieval.com/2017/05/26/on-medieval-healthcare-and-american-barbarism/

@DrEleanorJanega @ethics @sociology @socialpsych

estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"Class relations within party organizations shape and set clear limits on the involvement of working-class activists."

A review of Raphaël Challier's book, "Simple militants. How political parties demobilise the working classes":
https://www.cairn-int.info/journal-politix-2022-1-page-235.htm

@sociology

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"As conflation and confusion abound after 7 October, we need clear thinking about antisemitism"
by:
David Feldman, director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Study of Antisemitism,
Brendan McGeever, senior lecturer at the Birkbeck Institute for the Study of Antisemitism.

https://vashtimedia.com/2023/11/09/issues/antisemitism/hamas-israel-pogrom-antisemitism/

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Colonial Convergence

Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi, who teaches at the University of , , explained the paradox: “One can detest Jews and love Israelis, because Israelis somehow are not Jews. Israelis are colonial fighters and settlers, just like Afrikaners. They are tough and resilient. They know how to dominate. Jews are different. They are, among other qualities, gentle, non-physical, often passive, intellectual. So one can go on disliking Jews while admiring the Israelis.”

Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi, "The Israeli Connection. Who Israel Arms and Why", Pantheon Books, New York, 1987; cited by Alain Gresh: https://africasacountry.com/2009/08/south-africa-and-israel/ @israel

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"The Campaign Against Antisemitism was formed in 2014, after a previous Israeli bombardment of Gaza. Its explicit founding purpose was to counter the antisemitism that arises in Britain when Israel pummels Palestinians and, implicitly, to defend Israel’s right to pummel. Chief executive Gideon Falter is also vice chairman of the Jewish National Fund UK, which is reported to have provided funding to the CAA in the past. The JNF enjoys charitable status and its existence predates the Balfour Declaration. For over a century, it has bought up land in historic Palestine, helped plan the Nakba, furthered exclusive Jewish settlement and transformed colonised land into parks and forests to erase what had been before."

On respectability politics and : https://vashtimedia.com/2023/12/01/formats/opinion/a-long-way-from-cable-street-antisemitism-march-palestine/ @history @histodons

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

@lizstl13
Welcome Elizabeth!
The UN created Israel. The international community supports Israel’s right to exist.
There is no debate with organisations that do not.
There is no lack of information either.

https://mstdn.social/@breton/109887498250839879

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

@lizstl13

Tamir Sorek just wrote on FB:
"Sometimes I am surprised to find in US media a simple, sane, and human explanation for the dynamics in Palestine/Israel.
Hussein Ibish, on CBS: "structures of violence are hardwired into any relationship defined by the control of one people by another in a contest for land and power."
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mideast-scholar-hussein-ibish-israelis-and-palestinians-must-stop-dehumanizing-each-other/

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"Israeli academia joins the crackdown on dissent" https://www.972mag.com/israeli-academia-crackdown-palestinian-students/

@israel @ethics

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"A vicious campaign by Israeli academia, police, and media to silence the professor shows Palestinians they have no safe place in Zionist institutions."

by a former student: https://www.972mag.com/nadera-shalhoub-kevorkian-israeli-academia/ @israel @academicchatter

estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"What effect does de-humanizing language have?"
https://www.instagram.com/reel/CybFoxTIzPO/
@ethics @sociology @psychology

estelle , to psychology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

"The amount of work your work and life wants of you will always and forever exceed the amount you can do.
You cannot fight this.
It is also a gift.
Once you accept (or re-accept) that there is too much, it becomes easier to turn some things away. You may still feel grief or loss at the things you cannot do. You may feel guilt, especially if an institution or person benefits from you feeling that way. But accepting that you must leave some things undone shifts the problem from one of being not enough to one of being in a position to make choices. And even when those choices are coupled to difficult or prickly constraints, they are still choices."

https://everythingchanges.us/blog/too-much-and-not-enough/ by Mandy Brown

@ethics @psychology

estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Julie : Administrative techniques devised to engage parties to a conflict "are changing as a result of external sources of pressure for ‘evidence-based programming’, turning personalised case-based monitoring into a new form of ‘audit culture’ based on statistical evidence. Paradoxically, relying on numbers to realise the utopia of ‘humanising war’ makes the very ‘humans’ who are supposed to benefit from it disappear from view."
⸺
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339326884_Masters_of_disorder_rituals_of_communication_and_monitoring_at_the_International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross @ethics @sociology

estelle , to sociology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Welcome @Nita_Alexander to the Fediverse!
You will feel welcome here! 💜

You may post an with and saying if you are at John Carroll University, Cleveland, Ohio or at James Cook University in Queensland, Australia 🙂

You may subscribe to @sociology.

Please browse , , , .

estelle , to psychology
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

is a philosophical position or view that is the source of knowledge.

Vernon J. wrote that rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of is not sensory but intellectual and deductive."
⸺
@psychology

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

, coined by Timnit Gebru and Émile Torres, stands for , , Singularitarianism, Cosmism, , Effective Altruism, and . For a breakdown of each term, check out this article https://washingtonspectator.org/understanding-tescreal-silicon-valleys-rightward-turn/
⸺
@sociology @ethics

estelle , to random
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

“Mass discovered that its audience was ready at all times to believe the worst, no matter how absurd, and did not particularly object to being deceived because it held every statement to be a lie anyhow. The totalitarian mass leaders based their propaganda on the correct psychological assumption that, under such conditions, one could make people believe the most fantastic statements one day, and trust that if the next day they were given irrefutable proof of their falsehood, they would take refuge in ; instead of deserting the leaders who had lied to them, they would protest that they had known all along that the statement was a lie and would admire the leaders for their superior tactical cleverness.”
― Hannah Arendt, "The Origins of Totalitarianism"

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

“The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced or the convinced , but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (i.e., the of experience) and the distinction between true and false (i.e., the standards of thought) no longer exist.”
― Hannah Arendt, "The Origins of Totalitarianism"
🧶

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Make it true:
Hannah observed that men gaining in Germany did not lie because they believed what they were saying, or even because they expected YOU to believe it. They were lying to state out what had to become in order to justify what they intended to do.
⸺

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

The masses' flight from reality is a condemnation of the world in which they are forced to live. […] The main disadvantage of reality is that it is not logical, coherent or organised.
~ Hannah Arendt, in "Totalitarianism"

@sociology @socialpsych

estelle OP ,
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

@nicholas_saunders Sure:
The essay was fisrt published in 1951 as the third volume of "The Origins of Totalitarianism".
In it, Hannah Arendt argues that totalitarianism was a "novel form of government," in that it applied terror to subjugate mass populations rather than just political adversaries. Further, Arendt states that, owing to the insertion of ideology into the apparatus of coercion, "totalitarianism has discovered a means of dominating and terrorizing human beings from within". She further contends that Jewry was not the operative factor in the genocide of European Jews, but merely a convenient proxy. That totalitarianism in Germany was, in the end, about terror and consistency, not eradicating Jews only.
Adapted from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism

@sociology @socialpsych

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