“IT WAS AS if a storm had targeted us.” On the afternoon of December 15, an Israeli airstrike slammed into the Farhana school in Khan Younis where Al Jazeera Gaza bureau chief Wael al-Dahdouh and his cameraman, Samer Abu Daqqa, had just wrapped up filming the aftermath of an earlier bombardment in the area....
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We have been buying extra strong PG Tips British tea from Amazon because we think American tea is way too weak. 3 boxes of 80 were about $40 last time I bought them a few months ago. They’re now $80. Thankfully we discovered we can get an order of 6 for $60, but we have to wait until mid-February for the to arrive. Meanwhile,...
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<p>Scientists have identified a strong link between increasing poverty, income inequality, and the rise in homicide rates across the United States. The study, encompassing data from 1990 to 2020, reveals that states with the highest levels of poverty and income disparity experienced the most significant spikes in homicide rates, especially notable during the turbulent year of 2020. The findings have been published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.31"><em><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e="">Evolutionary Human Sciences</span></em></a>.</p>
<p>Previous research in the realm of sociology and economics has long attempted to untangle the complex web of factors contributing to homicide rates. Numerous studies have pointed towards various causes, ranging from socio-economic conditions to environmental factors. However, what remained elusive was a comprehensive analysis that could systematically account for the interplay between economic conditions like poverty and inequality, and their impact on violent crime, particularly homicide. This gap in understanding motivated the current study, aiming to explore the relationship between these socio-economic factors and homicide rates using a more nuanced approach.</p>
<p>“As homicides rates spiked during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, news outlets were nominating a host of potential causes to explain the increase, including factors such as ambient air temperature and city greenness,” explained study author <a href="https://faculty.utah.edu/u0407008-WESTON_CRAIG_MCCOOL/hm/index.hml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Weston McCool</a>, a postdoctoral fellow in the Society, Water, and Climate Research Group, and the Anthropology Department at the University of Utah.</p>
<p>“We were convinced, and still are, that the causes of the 2020 spike were related to the same underlying factors that have been structuring US homicide rates for decades, namely, poverty and inequality. We were also worried that without a theory of behavior, scholars would struggle to distinguish causal factors from spurious correlations or correlated effects. We wrote this paper to build on existing theory and to evaluate whether poverty and inequality can account for variation in homicide rates across US states over the last 30 years, including the 2020 spike.”</p>
<p>The researchers compiled and analyzed data for each U.S. state over a thirty-year period, from 1990 through 2020. They used homicide data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program and socio-economic information (specifically regarding poverty and income inequality) from the American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Notably, the Gini Index, a measure of income distribution within a state, was employed to assess income inequality. The study involved a comprehensive analysis of these datasets, looking for patterns and correlations over time and across different states.</p>
<p>From 2019 to 2020, an alarming increase in homicide rates was observed in 46 states. This period also saw a rise in the proportion of households living below the poverty line and an increase in income inequality in most of these states. Through sophisticated statistical modeling, the study demonstrated that poverty and inequality independently and jointly contributed to higher homicide rates. States with the highest levels of poverty and income inequality were found to have the highest homicide rates. This pattern remained consistent over the three decades of data analyzed.</p>
<p>“Typically, inequality is seen as the prime driver of homicide rates in the United States,” McCool told PsyPost. “Poverty is usually seen as a relatively less important causal factor, with some scholars dismissing its effects entirely. In our statistical model, we show that while inequality <em>and</em> poverty have strong independent effects on homicide rates, we were surprised to find that murders peak when and where inequality and poverty <em>interact</em>. That is, homicide rates peak when and where poverty and inequality have combined effects, which is a novel finding that we did not entirely anticipate.”</p>
<p>“Readers should come away with two related points: 1) As predicted by theory from the evolutionary social sciences, the combination of poverty and inequality predict homicide rates in the United States over the last 30 years (the range in which homicide data are available), including the 2020 COVID-19 spike. 2) Homicide rates disproportionately impact non-white communities due to a long history of systemic racism towards racial and ethnic minority groups that restrict individual’s access to resources and opportunities,” McCool explained. “We suggest these results provide compelling evidence to expand strategies for reducing homicide rates by dismantling structures of systemic racism that generate and concentrate sustained poverty and economic inequality.”</p>
<p>However, the study’s findings come with some caveats. For instance, the model used could not account for all the variations in homicide rates, leaving about 50% of the variation unexplained. This suggests that other factors, possibly cultural or institutional, also play a role in influencing homicide rates. Additionally, the study’s reliance on state-level data, as opposed to more localized data, might have affected the precision of the findings. The researchers acknowledge this and suggest that future studies could benefit from analyzing more fine-grained local data to better understand the dynamics at play.</p>
<p>“Currently, the only data available for this kind of US-wide multi-decadal analysis are at the level of US states, rather than, say, counties or zip-codes,” McCool said. “We expect that homicide rates are most strongly affected by local poverty and inequality, not so much what’s happening in a different city or on the other side of the state. As such, our analysis is necessarily somewhat coarse.”</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>“We hope that in the future higher resolution data will become available to track homicide rates in relation to very localized economic conditions. We should also note that the predictive power of our model was not uniform across US states, and underpredicted homicide rates in some instances. Nonetheless, the model did not underperform in any states for the 2020 COVID-19 data.”</p>
<p>Despite these limitations, the study offers crucial insights into the societal and policy implications of its findings. It underscores the need for interventions targeting both poverty reduction and the narrowing of income disparities to effectively tackle the root causes of increased homicide rates. Moreover, the study sheds light on the disproportionate impact of these socio-economic factors on minority communities, suggesting that addressing systemic racism and its contribution to economic disparities could be vital in reducing homicide rates.</p>
<p>“We contend that studies of homicide and, more broadly, human violence, should take heed of theoretical developments that provide explicit predictions of what conditions should promote violent behaviors, including homicide,” McCool told PsyPost. “By explicitly testing theory-based predictions we can work to avoid confusing causes with effects and move beyond the proverbial exercise of throwing spaghetti on the wall to see what sticks.”</p>
<p>The study, “<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/evolutionary-human-sciences/article/us-homicide-rates-increase-when-resources-are-scarce-and-unequally-distributed/2EE2181FE8610AFDA8B8BAADB62BB0EB" target="_blank" rel="noopener">U.S. homicide rates increase when resources are scarce and unequally distributed</a>“, was authored by Weston C. McCool and Brian F. Codding.</p>
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In 2023, Black people were killed at a rate 2.6 times higher than white people, Mapping Police Violence found. Last year, 290 people killed by police were Black, making up 23.5% of victims, while Black Americans make up roughly 14% of the total population. Native Americans were killed at a rate 2.2 times greater than white...
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How Disney and Warner Bros. Are Causing Internet Piracy to Boom | Platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and Disney+ were supposed to do away with pirated media. Instead, they may make them stronger than ever.::Platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and Disney+ were supposed to do away with pirated media. Instead, they may make them stronger than...
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This is an abrasive disk, rotating at 1500 rpm. When I shine my flashlight at it, it carries the glow with it, approximately halfway around the disk. What am I seeing happen here?
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Don’t know if we already have this but if not, this could be a new breath for running away from Google’s polluted, hard to find any real useful stuff SEO World. With Kagi’s optimization for activity pub, it’s easier to find content within the Federation. With a blog system that supports activity pub, people can get...
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I’ve been slowly working my way though a list of skills to learn, both to put on my resume and as personal growth. Networking is the next thing on this list. I am not sure what I am looking for, but I want to start another project. I have built many a personal computer, but the world of networking is a pretty foreign concept...
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Buonasera, Mi presento qui perchè non so dove farlo. Sono nuovissimo di Feddit e lo sto provando in paragone a Reddit per lasciare FB. Prima di iscrivermi avevo notato che la qualità dei commenti è davvero elevata (quasi sempre ), quindi stufo di tanto baggianate sono arrivato qui alla mia veneranda età da boomer (sono...
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Israel Bombed an Al Jazeera Cameraman — and Blocked Evacuation Efforts as He Bled to Death (theintercept.com)
“IT WAS AS if a storm had targeted us.” On the afternoon of December 15, an Israeli airstrike slammed into the Farhana school in Khan Younis where Al Jazeera Gaza bureau chief Wael al-Dahdouh and his cameraman, Samer Abu Daqqa, had just wrapped up filming the aftermath of an earlier bombardment in the area....
Amazon pricing makes no sense.
We have been buying extra strong PG Tips British tea from Amazon because we think American tea is way too weak. 3 boxes of 80 were about $40 last time I bought them a few months ago. They’re now $80. Thankfully we discovered we can get an order of 6 for $60, but we have to wait until mid-February for the to arrive. Meanwhile,...
recycling beauty trends (lemmy.world)
Tru (lemmy.world)
2023 saw record killings by US police. Who is most affected? (www.theguardian.com)
In 2023, Black people were killed at a rate 2.6 times higher than white people, Mapping Police Violence found. Last year, 290 people killed by police were Black, making up 23.5% of victims, while Black Americans make up roughly 14% of the total population. Native Americans were killed at a rate 2.2 times greater than white...
Elder waitresses should be called something else, like waitrons or waitriarchs.
cross-posted from: jorts.horse/users/…/111734226439984153...
How Disney and Warner Bros. Are Causing Internet Piracy to Boom | Platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and Disney+ were supposed to do away with pirated media. Instead, they may make them stronger than ever. (www.thedailybeast.com)
How Disney and Warner Bros. Are Causing Internet Piracy to Boom | Platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and Disney+ were supposed to do away with pirated media. Instead, they may make them stronger than ever.::Platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and Disney+ were supposed to do away with pirated media. Instead, they may make them stronger than...
I just realized /c/piracy is the most subscribed community in the lemmyverse! (lemmy.dbzer0.com)
lemmyverse.net/communities?order=subscribers
I dont understand why I have to bring a bottle to the restaurant (lemmy.world)
Help me understand this effect (lemmy.world)
This is an abrasive disk, rotating at 1500 rpm. When I shine my flashlight at it, it carries the glow with it, approximately halfway around the disk. What am I seeing happen here?
Are there any blog system that uses Activity Pub?
Don’t know if we already have this but if not, this could be a new breath for running away from Google’s polluted, hard to find any real useful stuff SEO World. With Kagi’s optimization for activity pub, it’s easier to find content within the Federation. With a blog system that supports activity pub, people can get...
Monetize Your Music - A community for (but not limited to) musicians, where to share ideas, info and experiences about royalties collection and music promotion (lemmy.world)
Hello everyone :)...
What If China Paid Trump While In Office But The Supreme Court Said The Question Was Moot? (www.wonkette.com)
What If China Paid Trump While In Office But The Supreme Court Said The Question Was Moot? It did, and they did? Well how about that....
Thank you for making Owncast a success in 2023 (gabekangas.com)
You can define success any way you like. But I'm happy with the direction of the project, and I'm thankful for everyone who has helped make it happen.
A Perfectly Timed Accidental Picture By Photographer Pau Buscató (lemmy.world)
This is way too expensive for a drink. (lemmy.world)
I'm new to networking and self-hosting and have no idea where to start.
I’ve been slowly working my way though a list of skills to learn, both to put on my resume and as personal growth. Networking is the next thing on this list. I am not sure what I am looking for, but I want to start another project. I have built many a personal computer, but the world of networking is a pretty foreign concept...
Mi presento qui
Buonasera, Mi presento qui perchè non so dove farlo. Sono nuovissimo di Feddit e lo sto provando in paragone a Reddit per lasciare FB. Prima di iscrivermi avevo notato che la qualità dei commenti è davvero elevata (quasi sempre ), quindi stufo di tanto baggianate sono arrivato qui alla mia veneranda età da boomer (sono...
Single mother’s future in jeopardy after thief steals driveway (www.wftv.com)
Well I’ve never seen anyone get their driveway stolen but here we are.
deleted_by_moderator
Spying on Beavers From Space Could Help Save California (www.wired.com)
Wired.com
Into the endless expanse with them (slrpnk.net)
Accessible data (startrek.website)
Any DJ / Electronic music communities? (allevents-blog.s3.amazonaws.com)
One thing I’ve really missed since moving from that R place is the DJ and EDM subs, can anyone recommend any communities on Lemmy?...