As Bluesky begins to open up more and more, it’s felt more pertinent to try to wrap my head around it. To help in this, I decided to write out my rough understanding of it from its documentation, in the hopes that it may help others and myself with any corrections from misunderstandings....
I did a similar thing at a place I worked at. In order to go over the heads of insane management and actually get work done, rather than just have sugar cubes counted at me all day, I created an administrator account with the username of .
Not blank. The character “ ”.
What, you can’t see it? It’s a non-breaking space. You can type one (on a Windows machine) by holding Alt and pressing 0160 on your number pad.
A shocking amount of “enterprise” software is not equipped to handle a non-breaking space, and will not detect it as a naughty character nor treat it as whitespace – which is probably what should happen. So what you get is an invisible user, which is also helpfully sorted to the bottom of lists where no one will notice it, because its numerical index in character space is well below all the typical letters and numbers that’ll be used for user account names. Does your software require a user name of greater-than-one character length? No problem, just type in a whole bunch of them.
Non breaking spaces can also mess with the formatting of systems with user-facing text input that’ll regurgitate it later. Like, oh, forums. Or comment threads. Like this one. Even those that are “smart” and attempt to collapse repeated whitespaces into a single line break.
<p>A study of working adults found that males are 91% more likely than females to be invested in the stock market. With every year of age, the odds of being invested in the stock market increased by 3%. The paper was published in the <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/npe0000189"><em>Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics</em></a><em>.</em></p>
<p>The stock market is a platform where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold, allowing investors to own a portion of a company and potentially benefit from its growth and profitability. People invest money in stocks to build wealth over time, as the value of their investments can increase if the companies perform well.</p>
<p>Stocks offer the potential for higher returns compared to traditional savings accounts or bonds, making them an attractive option for long-term investment. Additionally, investing in the stock market provides an opportunity to diversify one’s financial portfolio, spreading risk across different assets.</p>
<p>Studies show that stock market investors tend to have some characteristics that differentiate them from individuals not investing in the stock market. Stock market investors generally tend to be more ambitious, more prone to risk, and more intelligent than individuals not investing in stocks. Additionally, they tend to possess a higher level of education and better quantitative and language skills compared to the general population. Studies also show that individuals with more pronounced neuroticism tend to have negative attitudes towards investment in stocks.</p>
<p>Study author Adrian Furnham and his colleagues wanted to further investigate traits associated with participation in the stock market. They decided to focus on personality, demographic characteristics and wealth. These authors’ expectation was that males, older individuals, graduates, and wealthier individuals are more likely to participate in the stock market. They conducted an online survey.</p>
<p>The survey included 1,509 English-speaking adults, with 56% from the U.K., 18% from North America, 12% from South Africa, and the remainder from various other countries. All participants were employed, working, and considered middle class, with an average age of 46 years. Of these, 845 were females, and most held skilled and professional jobs.</p>
<p>The study authors asked participants whether they invest in the stock market and to rate their personal wealth on a 100-point scale. Additionally, participants completed an assessment of personality traits related to the workplace (the High Potential Trait Indicator).</p>
<p>Results showed that 50% of the participants had investments in the stock market. Those invested in the stock market were more likely to be male, older, and with a graduate degree (vs. those without such a degree). They also tended to be wealthier.</p>
<p>In terms of personality traits, those invested in the stock market exhibited a greater acceptance of risk, a higher willingness to embrace ambiguity, more ambition/competitiveness, increased conscientiousness, and were somewhat better adjusted. Further analysis confirmed that males were 91% more likely than females to invest in stocks, and each additional year of age raised the likelihood of stock market investment by 3%.</p>
<p>“The results of this study confirmed a number of the hypotheses namely that males more than females, older more than younger, graduates more than nongraduates, and people who rated their income higher were significantly more likely to be SMP [stock market participants]. While five of the six personality traits were significantly correlated to SMP, the regression suggested only two were significant, namely Tolerance for Ambiguity and Competitiveness,” the study authors concluded.</p>
<p>The study sheds light on personal specificities of stock market participants. However, the study only looked at stock market participation using a single yes/no question. More detailed examinations of stock market participation might yield more nuanced results. Additionally, there might be differences between occasional investors with low levels of investments in the stock market and individuals with more substantial investments in this type of assets.</p>
<p>The paper, “<a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/npe0000189">Correlates of Stock Market Investment,</a>” was authored by Adrian Furnham, Stephen Cuppello, and Mark Fenton-O’Creevy.</p>
Hi there! Looks like you linked to a Lemmy community using a URL instead of its name, which doesn’t work well for people on different instances. Try fixing it like this: !software_gore
<p>The decision to share our triumphs and tribulations with others appears to be a reflection of deeper psychological orientations. A recent study published in the journal <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pere.12537"><em>Personal Relationships</em></a> indicates that our level of attachment avoidance plays a pivotal role in our willingness to share personal experiences.</p>
<p>The new research sheds light on the selective sharing strategies individuals employ, especially in the context of relationship dynamics, offering insights into the mechanisms that facilitate or hinder the development of intimacy and trust within our closest connections.</p>
<p>Attachment theory suggests that the way we connect and relate to others is rooted in early experiences with caregivers, which then manifest in two primary dimensions: attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. Attachment avoidance is characterized by a hesitance towards closeness, emotional distancing, and a strong emphasis on independence.</p>
<p>In contrast, attachment anxiety involves a fear of abandonment and an excessive reliance on others for emotional support. These dimensions give rise to various attachment styles—avoidant, anxious, secure, and fearful—that influence our interpersonal behaviors and relationship dynamics.</p>
<p>The new study distinguishes between global attachment orientation, which reflects our general tendencies across all close relationships, and relationship-specific attachment, which focuses on our attachment behaviors within a particular relationship. This distinction is crucial as it allows for a nuanced understanding of how attachment influences our interactions in different contexts.</p>
<p>While previous research has established a link between attachment styles and the propensity for self-disclosure, this study ventures further by investigating how attachment avoidance influences the likelihood of sharing personal events. The researchers hypothesized that individuals with higher levels of attachment avoidance would exhibit a selective sharing pattern, preferring to share positive events over negative ones, to minimize vulnerability and maintain a facade of competence.</p>
<p>“While sharing personal experiences is vital for building and sustaining close interpersonal connections, the presence of attachment avoidance significantly impedes self-disclosure,” said Elina R. Sun, a graduate student, who co-authored the work along with Syracuse University associate professor <a href="https://bkjakubi.expressions.syr.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brett Jakubiak</a>. “Hence, our interest lies in understanding when (under what conditions) people self-disclose personal experiences in relationships characterized by higher attachment avoidance.”</p>
<p>The researchers drew participants from two distinct pools: a sample of undergraduate students from a private university in the United States and participants from an online research platform, Prolific.com, resulting in a final sample of 609 individuals.</p>
<p>Participants engaged in a 30-minute survey administered via the Qualtrics platform, which included measures for personal network mapping, event experiences, sharing behavior, perceived vulnerability upon sharing, and attachment orientation.</p>
<p>In the personal network mapping segment, individuals identified their closest relationships by placing the names of three primary attachment figures within the inner circle of a bullseye diagram, and up to five additional significant others in the middle circle. Following this, participants were asked to recall and list up to four recent positive and negative events in their lives, detailing the impact and competence conveyed by each event.</p>
<p>The crux of the study’s inquiry was participants’ sharing behavior — whether they chose to share each listed event with their identified close others. Additionally, participants rated the extent to which sharing each event with their primary attachment figures would make them feel vulnerable.</p>
<p>Attachment orientation was assessed through the Experiences in Close Relationships–Relationship Structures scale, which participants completed with reference to both their general attachment tendencies (global attachment orientation) and their attachment orientations towards each of the listed primary figures (relationship-specific attachment).</p>
<p>The researchers found that higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with a lower likelihood of sharing personal events. This was observed across both samples and regardless of whether attachment avoidance was measured globally or in relation to specific relationships.</p>
<p>Specifically, for relationship-specific attachment avoidance, each one-point increase on the scale was linked to a substantial decrease in the odds of sharing personal events with a particular attachment figure. This finding was mirrored in the global attachment context, where higher levels of attachment avoidance similarly predicted a reduced propensity for sharing across the board.</p>
<p>Sun and Jakubiak also found evidence of selective sharing strategies, but with an interesting twist: the pattern was more pronounced when attachment was assessed within specific relationships rather than globally. In relationships marked by higher relationship-specific attachment avoidance, there was a distinct tendency to share positive events more frequently than negative ones.</p>
<p>This selective sharing strategy was not merely about the valence of the events shared (positive versus negative) but also related to the perceived vulnerability and competence associated with these events. Events that were perceived as less vulnerable and more competence-revealing were more likely to be shared.</p>
<p>“People in more avoidant relationships (characterized by emotional distancing and excessive self-reliance) exhibit significant selectivity when sharing personal events,” Sun told PsyPost. “We found that people in more avoidant relationships prioritize sharing positive events (rather than negative events) and share events that demonstrate their competence while avoiding showing vulnerability. ”</p>
<p>“By engaging in this selective sharing strategy, these individuals can engage in social interactions while maintaining their sense of independence. This sharing strategy allows people in avoidant relationships to balance the risks and rewards of disclosure, aligning with their cautious approach to establishing intimate relationships.”</p>
<p>While the primary focus of the investigation was on attachment avoidance, the researchers also explored the role of attachment anxiety in the sharing process. The results indicated that higher levels of relationship-specific attachment anxiety were associated with an increased likelihood of sharing personal events.</p>
<p>This suggests that individuals with higher levels of attachment anxiety may be more inclined to seek closeness and support through sharing, possibly as a way to alleviate fears of abandonment and reinforce their bonds with others.</p>
<p>“Attachment anxiety also plays an important role in self-disclosure,” Sun said.</p>
<p>But the study, like all research, is not without its limitations. Its correlational design means that causality cannot be inferred, and the moderate levels of attachment avoidance observed suggest caution in generalizing these findings to individuals with extreme attachment avoidance. Future research could benefit from experimental designs and a broader exploration of theoretical frameworks to further unravel the complexities of attachment and sharing behaviors.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, the research offers valuable insights into the nuanced ways in which attachment avoidance shapes our willingness to share personal experiences. By highlighting the selective sharing strategy employed by individuals with higher attachment avoidance, it provides a pathway for developing interventions aimed at enhancing intimacy and trust in relationships.</p>
<p>“Now that we have a better sense of the types of personal experiences that individuals in high-avoidant relationships are willing to share, we aspire to leverage these sharing opportunities to help individuals in avoidant relationships to disclose more frequently (including eventually disclosing more vulnerable experiences),” Sun said.</p>
<p>The study, “<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pere.12537" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Attachment avoidance predicts limited and selective sharing of personal events in close relationships</a>,” was published January 22, 2024.</p>
Given how Reddit now makes money by selling its data to AI companies, I was wondering how the situation is for the fediverse. Typically you can block AI crawlers using robot.txt (Verge reported about it recently: https://www.theverge.com/24067997/robots-txt-ai-text-file-web-crawlers-spiders). But this only works per...
I think you are mistaking publicly available with public. Just because reddit made everyone’s posts publicly available doesn’t mean they are public. Once you post something, they have the right to use that data in any way they choose, and you agreed to that when you signed up. Per their user agreement:
“You retain any ownership rights you have in Your Content, but you grant Reddit the following license to use that Content:
When Your Content is created with or submitted to the Services, you grant us a worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, transferable, and sublicensable license to use, copy, modify, adapt, prepare derivative works of, distribute, store, perform, and display Your Content and any name, username, voice, or likeness provided in connection with Your Content in all media formats and channels now known or later developed anywhere in the world. This license includes the right for us to make Your Content available for syndication, broadcast, distribution, or publication by other companies, organizations, or individuals who partner with Reddit. You also agree that we may remove metadata associated with Your Content, and you irrevocably waive any claims and assertions of moral rights or attribution with respect to Your Content.”
Because they allow anyone to see the posts doesn’t make it “public” data, it just means that they are allowing you access to the data they now have a license to. Now lets say you work for a state agency. Any work you do is property of said state and is public. I believe the same goes for some government agencies, like NASA. The work they produce is public. That’s completely different than reddit allowing you to post on their platform and then allowing others to see your post. They can do whatever they want with the data, including turning it off one day and just sitting on it if they wanted. Expecting anything public from a private company, well good luck with that. Back to lemmy, well even if you blocked all AI from scraping from an instance, nothing would stop a company from just setting up their own instance, federating it, and just sucking up all the info as it comes in. Nothing you post on here will ever be private.
I think people are about to learn a hard lesson on the internet. Nothing is ever private if it is online.
Hi there! Looks like you linked to a Lemmy community using a URL instead of its name, which doesn’t work well for people on different instances. Try fixing it like this: !world
Hi there! Looks like you linked to a Lemmy community using a URL instead of its name, which doesn’t work well for people on different instances. Try fixing it like this: !enoughmuskspam
I'm a fan of the Fediverse, but what are the major issues we faced right now because of the limitations of the #ActivityPub protocol? Recently, decentralize social networks are at their peak, big players are trying to be part of it, and is constantly in the news....
So someone scripted post spam in the name of migration and got salty that they were treated like spam. Wouldn’t be surprised if it was through an automated processes during all the intentional spam instances we’re getting.
Very much agree with others here, dude should’ve tried to have a conversation with admins and stop spamming old content.
<p>The<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13827"> <em>Journal of Sleep Research</em></a> has published a study showing that researchers have found that insomnia and the level of emotional distress in a person does not significantly affect the occurrence of sleep bruxism — a condition characterized by teeth grinding or clenching during sleep. Contrary to previous beliefs, the present study, which involved a thorough sleep analysis using polysomnography, indicates that individuals with insomnia are no more likely to experience sleep bruxism than those without sleep disorders, regardless of their stress levels.</p>
<p>Sleep bruxism has long been a subject of interest among sleep researchers due to its potential to cause dental damage and affect sleep quality. Prior studies have suggested a link between sleep bruxism and various factors — including stress and sleep disorders like insomnia.</p>
<p>Insomnia, affecting about 10% of the population, is namely associated with difficulties in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, and experiencing non-restorative sleep, which could potentially either exacerbate or be affected by sleep bruxism. However, these earlier investigations may not have provided an accurate picture of sleep bruxism’s occurrence and its association with insomnia.</p>
<p>The motivation behind the present study was to explore the relationship between sleep bruxism and insomnia with a more objective lens — particularly focusing on whether the stress and distress associated with insomnia could influence the prevalence of sleep bruxism. Researchers aimed to provide clearer insights that could aid in the clinical management of sleep bruxism, especially among patients with insomnia, by employing polysomnography — a sleep study that measures brain waves, blood oxygen levels, heart rate, breathing, and leg and eye movements throughout the night.</p>
<p>To conduct their investigation, the team enlisted 86 participants, split between 44 with insomnia and 42 without sleep complaints. All were recruited through advertisements and averaged an age of 47 for females and 51 for males.</p>
<p>Participants with insomnia were categorized based on their levels of distress. Using polysomnography over two nights, researchers meticulously recorded each participant’s sleep architecture and instances of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) — the technical term for the jaw muscle movements indicative of sleep bruxism. This approach allowed the researchers to objectively measure and compare the presence and severity of sleep bruxism among the different groups.</p>
<p>The findings were quite revealing: there was no significant difference in the occurrence of RMMA between individuals with and without insomnia, nor was there a notable difference between insomnia sufferers with varying levels of distress. This suggests that, contrary to previous assumptions, insomnia and associated emotional distress do not have a direct impact on sleep bruxism’s prevalence.</p>
<p>In essence, the study challenges the notion that insomnia exacerbates or is linked to increased rates of teeth grinding during sleep, offering a new perspective on the relationship between these common sleep issues.</p>
<p>The study’s authors acknowledge certain limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. For instance, the participant selection process and the unequal ratio of female to male participants might limit the generalizability of the findings to the entire population.</p>
<p>Additionally, the study’s secondary analysis nature means it relies on previously collected data, which may not cover all relevant aspects of sleep bruxism and insomnia. Regardless, this study is deeply useful in how it emphasizes the complexity of sleep bruxism’s etiology and its relation to insomnia and stress.</p>
<p>Boyuan Kuang, Ghizlane Aarab, Yishul Wei, Tessa Blanken, Frank Lobbezoo, Eus J. W. Van Someren, Jennifer Ramautar, and Rick Wassing authored this study, published as “<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jsr.13827">Associations between signs of sleep bruxism and insomnia: A polysomnographic study</a>.” They research and publish from the University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Taikang Bybo Dental, the University of Sydney, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.</p>
<p>In a new study published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45734-w"><em>Nature Communications</em></a>, researchers from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have discovered preliminary evidence suggesting that the use of antidepressants during pregnancy can have significant effects on brain development, specifically impacting the development of connections within the brain’s prefrontal cortex. This region of the brain is crucial for complex cognitive functions such as decision-making, personality expression, and social behavior.</p>
<p>The study, conducted on rodents, sheds light on the role that serotonin, a key neurotransmitter affected by antidepressants, plays in brain maturation during early development.</p>
<h3>Understanding SSRIs and the Motivation Behind the Study</h3>
<p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs commonly prescribed to treat depression, including during pregnancy. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, a chemical thought to have a good influence on mood, emotion, and sleep. Given the prevalence of their use, understanding the implications of SSRIs on pregnancy and fetal development is of paramount importance.</p>
<p>Previous research has hinted at potential risks, yet definitive evidence on how these drugs affect the developing brain at a cellular level has been scarce. Motivated by this gap in knowledge, the researchers aimed to explore the direct impact of SSRIs on the brain’s prefrontal cortex during critical periods of development.</p>
<p>“Given the high levels of the serotonin in early brain development in animals including humans, coinciding with the period of intense brain maturation, we hypothesized that serotonergic activity is important for proper development of the prefrontal cortex that receives dense serotonergic innervation throughout development,” explained study author <a href="https://sites.google.com/view/wonchanoh">Won Chan Oh</a>, an assistant professor of pharmacology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.</p>
<p>“The prefrontal cortex, the most evolved brain region, plays a central role in highest-order cognition, which is why we focused our study on finding the answer from this brain area.”</p>
<h3>Investigating the Effects of SSRIs on Brain Development</h3>
<p>To examine the effects of altered serotonin signaling in mice, which share critical periods of brain development with humans, the researchers employed both chemogenetic and pharmacological manipulations.</p>
<p>Chemogenetics involves the use of engineered receptors, known as Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), which can be selectively activated or inhibited by specific, otherwise pharmacologically inert, small molecules. In this study, DREADDs were used to selectively control the activity of serotonin-producing neurons in a precise manner.</p>
<p>This method relies on genetic engineering to express these synthetic receptors specifically in target neuron populations—in this case, serotoninergic neurons. By employing DREADDs, researchers could mimic the effects of increased or decreased serotonin levels without the need for pharmacological SSRIs.</p>
<p>For the pharmacological manipulation, the researchers orally administered fluoxetine (commonly known by brand names such as Prozac and Sarafem) to mouse pups shortly after birth. The timing was chosen to coincide with a significant phase of brain development in rodents.</p>
<h3>Serotonin’s Impact on Dendritic Spine Density</h3>
<p>One of the study’s core findings was the bidirectional modulation of dendritic spine development by serotonin signaling. Dendritic spines are small, protruding structures on neurons that form synaptic connections, facilitating communication between neurons. The density and maturity of these spines are critical for brain function, impacting everything from learning and memory to decision-making.</p>
<p>In chemogenetic experiments where serotonin signaling was diminished, researchers observed a significant reduction in spine density on layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. This suggests fewer synaptic connections, potentially leading to impaired cognitive functions.</p>
<p>Conversely, when serotonin signaling was enhanced—mimicking the effect of fluoxetine administration—there was an increase in spine density and synaptic strength, indicating more robust neural connections.</p>
<h3>SSRIs and Postnatal Prefrontal Cortex Development</h3>
<p>The researchers also found that fluoxetine exposure leads to an increase in spine density and synaptic strength in the prefrontal cortex, effects that were dependent on the activation of 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors. This suggests that elevated serotonin levels, as a result of SSRI use, can lead to changes in the architecture and function of neural circuits.</p>
<p>“Our research uncovers the specific mechanisms at the synaptic level that explain how serotonin may contribute to the development of the prefrontal cortex during early-life fluoxetine exposure,” Oh told PsyPost. “Our experimental evidence shows the direct impact of serotonin on the developing prefrontal cortex in mice.”</p>
<p>The timing of fluoxetine exposure during postnatal development was found to be crucial; administering the drug during the first two weeks of life led to significant effects. However, when fluoxetine treatment was delayed until the third week of postnatal development, these changes in synaptic density and strength were not observed.</p>
<p>The study suggests that SSRI use during pregnancy could alter offspring brain development. But the consequences of this — whether positive or negative — are unclear.</p>
<p>“We provided experimental evidence of the direct impact of enhanced serotonin signals on the developing prefrontal cortex in mice,” Oh explained. “Fluoxetine not only crosses the placenta but also passes into breast milk, leading to increased serotonin in the fetus. <em>However, pregnant women who are currently taking antidepressants SHOULD NOT stop taking it.</em> They should discuss with their providers the benefits and side effects of antidepressants and possible non-pharmacological interventions for postpartum depression.”</p>
<h3>Limitations and Future Directions</h3>
<p>While this study represents a significant leap in understanding the effects of SSRIs on fetal brain development, it also underscores the complexity of brain development and the need for caution in interpreting these results. The research was conducted on mice, and while these models provide invaluable insights into human biology, differences between species mean that further research is necessary to fully understand the implications for human development.</p>
<p>“Although we discovered that serotonin has a specific role in influencing how individual connections between neurons change and adapt, contributing to the brain’s ability to learn and adjust, <em>we CANNOT generalize our findings from mice to human brain development</em>,” Oh emphasized.</p>
<p>The study opens up several avenues for future research. Investigating the long-term behavioral and cognitive outcomes of altered serotonin signaling during development is crucial. Additionally, exploring the impact of SSRIs on the brain during other critical developmental windows, such as adolescence, will provide a more comprehensive understanding of these drugs’ effects.</p>
<p>“We want to study the long-term effects of deficiency and surplus of serotonin on mouse behaviors, specifically behaviors observed in mouse ASD (autism spectrum disorder) models,” Oh said.</p>
<p>The study, “<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45734-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Serotonin modulates excitatory synapse maturation in the developing prefrontal cortex</a>,” was authored by Roberto Ogelman, Luis E. Gomez Wulschner, Victoria M. Hoelscher, In-Wook Hwang, Victoria N. Chang, and Won Chan Oh.</p>
I make a lot of OC videos to post here on Lemmy. I’m on Nobara, which is currently on Fedora 39. I’m like an intermediate Linux user and mostly have experience with Debian. All of that being said, I’m up at odd hours....
Hi there! Looks like you linked to a Lemmy community using a URL instead of its name, which doesn’t work well for people on different instances. Try fixing it like this: !linuxupskillchallenge
I called this happening when whatever his name is, Twitch CEO man, gave the public speech/stream being very, very appreciative of Amazon for their support.
When you do /that/ it means your business model is a failure.
(no clue if this is somehow against some rules or some kind of lemmy instance feud, but heres the thread with my original post)
Anyway, Twitch is quite likely to ultimately basically kill itself with this move, and Amazon will either spin the employees off into existing Amazon sub sections, possibly but not likely do some nonsense like keep the twitch brand name but dramatically re orient the site, or, most likely, just slowly lay off more and more twitch employees and formally pull the plug, while retaining the brand rights and web url, all that kinda stuff.
I give it about 2 years before one of those scenarios comes to fruition. Could be faster if insanity twitch drama gets even more insane than normal.
Hi there! Looks like you linked to a Lemmy community using a URL instead of its name, which doesn’t work well for people on different instances. Try fixing it like this: !cranetrainexcavators
an AI resume screener had been trained on CVs of employees already at the firm, giving people extra marks if they listed "baseball" or "basketball" – hobbies that were linked to more successful staff, often men. Those who mentioned "softball" – typically women – were downgraded....
Oh there is so much racist data that the AI is being trained on.
Your example is a simple one. But there are discriminations based on names for instance, so Johns are hired more than Quachin is, and that is by people, before it gets to the AI.
<p>The <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221083747"><em>Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</em></a> published a study its June 2023 issue in which researchers discovered that higher levels of economic inequality significantly increase individuals’ desires for wealth and status. This effect, evident across different social classes, stems from varying motivations such as self-improvement concerns among the less affluent, and social comparison concerns among the more affluent.</p>
<p>The concept of economic inequality has long intrigued social scientists. Defined as the unequal distribution of wealth and income, economic inequality has been linked to numerous societal issues, including health disparities, reduced happiness, and lower social cohesion. Prior research has primarily focused on these outcomes while leaving a gap in understanding of how inequality affects individuals’ psychological desires. The present study aimed to bridge this gap, and uses straightforward methods to explore how people from various backgrounds respond to economic inequality.</p>
<p>The goal of the research was to examine the direct effects of economic inequality on peopleʼs desires for wealth and status. Noting a scarcity of direct empirical investigations in this area, the study wanted to unpack the underlying psychological dynamics driving these desires in the face of growing economic disparities. Namely, if these desires vary across social classes, aiming to contribute to the broader discussion on the implications of inequality for individual behavior and societal cohesion.</p>
<p>To tackle these questions, the study employed a two-pronged methodological approach. First, it used experimental designs to manipulate perceptions of inequality among participants, creating scenarios of high and low economic disparity. Across three studies, 142,394 total participants were recruited from Amazonʼs Mechanical Turk.</p>
<p>Through these studies, researchers were able to observe changes in desires for wealth and status in controlled conditions. Additionally, a large-scale correlational analysis of data from 73 countries provided real-world context, examining the relationship between actual economic inequality and individuals’ desires. By combining these methods, the study offered a comprehensive look at the effects of perceived and actual inequality on peopleʼs psychological states across different cultures and societal structures.</p>
<p>The findings revealed a clear pattern: higher economic inequality intensifies the desire for wealth and status across the board. However, the motivations behind these desires differ by social class. For individuals in lower economic brackets, the drive for more wealth and status is rooted in a desire for self-improvement—to overcome the challenges posed by inequality. In contrast, for those in higher economic positions, the pursuit of wealth and status is motivated by the desire to maintain or enhance their social standing relative to others.</p>
<p>These nuanced insights highlight a societal restlessness, where both the affluent and the less affluent feel compelled to seek financial and social advancement, albeit for different reasons.</p>
<p>Still, despite its findings, the study acknowledges certain limitations. The reliance on self-reported measures to assess desires might introduce biases, as participants could respond in ways they perceive as socially desirable or lack complete self-awareness of their motivations. This, and the experimental scenarios, while carefully designed to mimic real-world conditions of inequality, might not fully capture the complexity of individuals’ experiences and responses to actual economic disparities.</p>
<p>Zhechen Wang, Jolanda Jetten, and Niklas Steffens at Fudan University and the University of Queensland authored the present study, titled “<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/01461672221083747">Restless in an Unequal World: Economic Inequality Fuels the Desire for Wealth and Status</a>.ˮ</p>
I agree. Its a systemic issue. I‘ve stepped up as a mod for !opensource to combat this. Feel free to step up in other communities to help meanwhile.
The solution will probably be reputation/timelimit based or maybe federating ip bans. Bans already federate I think. At least my instance has a ton of names on the banlist although I havent banned as many people.
Hi there! Looks like you linked to a Lemmy community using a URL instead of its name, which doesn’t work well for people on different instances. Try fixing it like this: !homeimprovement
<p>Scientists have uncovered a fascinating link between ancient viruses and the development of myelination, the biological process crucial for the advanced functioning of the nervous system in vertebrates, including humans. This discovery sheds light on the evolutionary puzzle of how complex brains and sophisticated nervous systems evolved in animals.</p>
<p>The researchers have identified a genetic element, named “RetroMyelin,” derived from retroviruses, as essential for the production of myelin in a broad range of vertebrates, including mammals, amphibians, and fish. This finding, published in the journal <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(24)00013-8"><em>Cell</em></a>, suggests that the intrusion of viral sequences into the genomes of early vertebrates was a pivotal step in the evolution of myelination, thereby enabling the development of complex brains and diverse vertebrate life.</p>
<p>Myelination is the process by which nerve fibers are wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath called myelin. This sheath is critical for the rapid transmission of electrical signals along nerve cells, facilitating efficient communication within the nervous system. Myelin not only speeds up signal transmission but also provides metabolic support to nerve fibers, allowing them to extend over long distances without losing signal strength.</p>
<p>The advent of myelination was a significant evolutionary development, coinciding with the emergence of jaws in vertebrates. This evolutionary milestone enabled the compact packing of nerve fibers and the emergence of complex nervous systems, underpinning the vast diversity and adaptability of vertebrate species.</p>
<p>Driven by curiosity about how myelination first emerged in vertebrates, a team led by neuroscientist Robin Franklin at Altos Labs-Cambridge Institute of Science embarked on a journey to explore the molecular underpinnings of this process.</p>
<p>“Retroviruses were required for vertebrate evolution to take off,” Franklin explained. “If we didn’t have retroviruses sticking their sequences into the vertebrate genome, then myelination wouldn’t have happened, and without myelination, the whole diversity of vertebrates as we know it would never have happened.”</p>
<p>They focused on the role of retrotransposons, fragments of DNA derived from ancient viruses that have integrated into the genome of host organisms over millions of years. These genetic elements, making up a significant portion of the genome, have long been speculated to play a role in evolutionary development, yet their contribution to specific physiological traits like myelination remained unexplored until now.</p>
<p>“Retrotransposons compose about 40% of our genomes, but nothing is known about how they might have helped animals acquire specific characteristics during evolution,” said first author Tanay Ghosh, a computational biologist at Altos Labs-Cambridge Institute of Science. “Our motivation was to know how these molecules are helping evolutionary processes, specifically in the context of myelination.”</p>
<p>By analyzing gene networks in oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system, the researchers discovered the critical role of RetroMyelin. In rodents, inhibiting RetroMyelin resulted in the failure to produce myelin basic protein, a key component of the myelin sheath.</p>
<p>The team extended their analysis across the animal kingdom, finding similar genetic sequences in other jawed vertebrates but not in jawless vertebrates or invertebrates. This pattern suggested a repeated evolutionary theme: the integration of RetroMyelin into the genomes of different vertebrate lineages through separate viral invasion events.</p>
<p>The presence of RetroMyelin in all examined jawed vertebrates and its essential role in myelination indicate that ancient viral infections were not merely random events but were instrumental in shaping the complex nervous systems of today’s vertebrates. By comparing RetroMyelin sequences across 22 species, the researchers demonstrated that these sequences were more similar within species than between them, supporting the theory of convergent evolution through separate viral invasions.</p>
<p>“There’s been an evolutionary drive to make impulse conduction of our axons quicker because having quicker impulse conduction means you can catch things or flee from things more rapidly,” Franklin explained.</p>
<p>Functional experiments in zebrafish and frogs further validated the importance of RetroMyelin in myelination, showing a significant reduction in myelin production when RetroMyelin was disrupted. This highlights the universal role of RetroMyelin in vertebrate myelination and opens new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of myelin production and its evolutionary origins.</p>
<p>“Our findings open up a new avenue of research to explore how retroviruses are more generally involved in directing evolution,” Ghosh said.</p>
<p>The study, “<a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(24)00013-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A retroviral link to vertebrate myelination through retrotransposon-RNA-mediated control of myelin gene expression</a>,” was authored by Tanay Ghosh, Rafael G. Almeida, Chao Zhao, Abdelkrim Mannioui, Elodie Martin, Alex Fleet, Civia Z. Chen, Peggy Assinck, Sophie Ellams, Ginez A. Gonzalez, Stephen C. Graham, David H. Rowitch, Katherine Stott, Ian Adams, Bernard Zalc, Nick Goldman, David A. Lyons, and Robin J.M. Franklin.</p>
<p>Have you ever wondered how your brain manages to switch gears when life suddenly changes the rules of the game? Researchers have now shed light on this very process, revealing that a key brain chemical plays a pivotal role in helping us adapt to new situations. By combining brain imaging techniques with a specially designed task, they found that dopamine, a brain chemical often associated with pleasure and reward, is also crucial in helping us learn from our mistakes and adjust our decisions accordingly.</p>
<p>The findings have been published in the scientific journal<em> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-44358-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nature Communications</a></em>.</p>
<p>Dopamine is a name that often pops up in conversations about happiness, motivation, and addiction. This brain chemical is a sort of messenger that transmits signals within the brain, affecting our mood, sleep, learning, concentration, and even our movement. But its role is far more complex than just making us feel good.</p>
<p>Dopamine is intricately involved in how we make decisions, especially in situations that require us to learn, unlearn, and relearn based on new information. The researchers embarked on this study to dive deeper into the mysteries of dopamine, motivated by the desire to understand how it influences our ability to adapt our decisions when circumstances change.</p>
<p>“I have a general interest in understanding what dopamine does in the human brain and what sorts of cognitive processes it supports,” said lead author Filip Grill, a postdoctoral researcher at the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging. “Dopamine is a mysterious molecule since it seems to be related to several behavioral domains including processing of motivational, cognitive, and motor functions.”</p>
<p>“The vast majority of research on how dopamine relates to behavior is done in rodents and non-human primates, since it is difficult to measure dopamine and especially dopamine-release in humans while we are actively engaged in some behavior. This kind of translation from animal to human is also something I am very interested in.</p>
<p>The study brought together 26 volunteers from the community, ensuring none had a history of neurological or psychiatric illness, drug or alcohol dependence, or any condition that would interfere with the brain imaging used in the research.</p>
<p>Participants engaged in a computer-based task while undergoing brain scans using two advanced techniques: positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This task was a reversal learning paradigm, a method used to explore how individuals adjust their decisions based on changing rewards.</p>
<p>The task was a game of guessing whether a hidden number was above or below five, with correct guesses rewarded and incorrect ones not. Unbeknownst to the participants, the rules for rewards changed during the task, creating periods of stability and volatility that mimicked real-life situations where the ‘right’ choice can suddenly become ‘wrong.’</p>
<p>The PET scans were used to detect changes in dopamine levels in the brain by measuring the binding of a radioactive compound that competes with dopamine for the same brain receptors. The fMRI scans, on the other hand, provided insight into brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow, offering a glimpse into which parts of the brain were working harder during different phases of the task.</p>
<p>The researchers observed significant findings through the PET scans, particularly in the striatum, a brain region known for its role in reward processing. They found that dopamine release increased in this area when participants faced the switch from stable to volatile rules, suggesting dopamine’s key role in signaling the need for a strategy change. This dopamine release correlated with the participants’ ability to adapt their decisions based on new information, with higher dopamine levels linked to quicker adjustment and better performance on the task.</p>
<p>“I think the general view of dopamine is that it is a kind of reward molecule but here we show that dopamine is also released when we learn from errors,” Grill told PsyPost. “Individuals that were very sensitive to their errors released more dopamine. However, these individuals were not necessarily best at the task. Instead, individuals that released a medium amount of dopamine had best performance.”</p>
<p>The fMRI data complemented these findings by showing increased brain activity in areas associated with attention and decision-making, especially after the rule change. This activity pattern suggests that the brain engages a network of regions to process unexpected outcomes and to adapt decisions accordingly.</p>
<p>“Seeing a rather strong brain–behavior correlation is quite surprising,” Grill remarked. “I hope I will get surprised again in the future.”</p>
<p>While the study’s results are compelling, they come with their share of limitations. For instance, the design of the brain imaging study meant that researchers could not compare their findings against a baseline of brain activity without the task, potentially overlooking how individual differences in dopamine levels might influence adaptability. Furthermore, the complexity of human behavior and brain chemistry means that dopamine is not the only player in this adaptive process. Future research could benefit from exploring how other neurotransmitters interact with dopamine and contribute to our ability to learn and adjust to new information.</p>
<p>The journey to fully understand the human brain’s adaptability is far from over. Future studies could explore how different levels of dopamine affect decision-making in various contexts, perhaps by incorporating tasks that simulate more complex real-life scenarios or by using pharmacological methods to alter dopamine levels directly. Another promising direction is to examine the role of dopamine in populations with neurological conditions that affect decision-making and learning, providing insights that could inform new therapeutic approaches.</p>
<p>“The study was conducted with healthy young adults,” Grill noted. “The long-term goal is to adapt the paradigm to investigate dopamine release during different behaviors in neurological and psychiatric disorders with abnormal dopamine signaling such as Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia.”</p>
<p>The study, “<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-44358-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dopamine release in human associative striatum during reversal learning</a>,” was authored by Filip Grill, Marc Guitart-Masip, Jarkko Johansson, Lars Stiernman, Jan Axelsson, Lars Nyberg, and Anna Rieckmann.</p>
If a famous person wants to do an AMA with the literally dozens of us here, I suppose they can register with their name on the top few instances and then it’s up to mods to ban pranksters impersonating them elsewhere?
Iranian navy Rear Adm. Shahram Irani declared that his country has “property rights” in Antarctica, particularly the South Pole, in a newly surfaced video....
Hi there! Looks like you linked to a Lemmy community using a URL instead of its name, which doesn’t work well for people on different instances. Try fixing it like this: !noncredibledefense
I mean yeah, but it’s my opinion on the matter. Even then my original claim is based on the fact of something being an active fork of another browser. Which is still going to line up with my point just fine.
You are assuming way too much. As if Apple and Google did all this with KHTML. Which lead us to:
assuming too much if you think modern applications are programmed/designed well. Ultimately no matter what you do, having a product be around for a decade, let alone multiple of them, is going to incur substantial tech debt, and significant feature creep. There is nothing you can do about this. It happens in EVERY industry. In fact the only thing that helps to prevent this is an almost religious and fervent dedicated to pure minimalism when it comes to what your software is doing. Look at something like DWM for example.
And what’s your point by saying this? What does it matter if the roots “disappear,” if the product is good enough for competition?
My point is that beyond a certain point, a fork is no longer a fork, but more like a competing piece of software. You see this all the time, look at android or chromeos. Technically “based” on linux, but so far gone that almost nobody considers it linux, i only ever see it mentioned in jokes. Something like prism which is a fork of poly, which is a fork of multimc is starting to get to the point where it’s more of an alternate piece of software, than a direct fork. It’s twice independently maintained, it’s feature set is focused differently.
If you need more examples why dont we have a look at a COW filesystem? When you make a change to a file, a fork is created, and that change is then saved on that forked path, so now you have multiple different versions, throughout the chronological history of that fork. If you have auto-deletion enabled for old forks, as you should, at some point you will have “orphaned” forks. Which no longer represent in anyway the original file, but exist as an independently separate instance of that file, in a different state. It’s a similar idea, in a different scale, on a different system. There is also a point where it no longer exists as a fork, but as an implementation on top of that original piece of software. How that’s defined is a little more complicated though.
It’s a little bit philosophical, and semantical, but my point is simple, if your piece of software exists as a fork on top of another piece of software, you don’t get to call yourself “faster” or “leaner” or “more optimized” than the original. Your base browser is still a piece of shit, you’ve taken a bad car, and repainted it, now it looks a little bit better. But it’s still a shit car. You turn a beater into a race car by completely stripping it to bits, at a certain point, it’s not really a fork anymore. In the same way that putting a body on a different frame isn’t the same as the original.
What bulky browsers don’t you like?
it’s not like i’ve literally named them or anything.
Attempting to parse Authenticated Transfer Protocol, or Atproto
As Bluesky begins to open up more and more, it’s felt more pertinent to try to wrap my head around it. To help in this, I decided to write out my rough understanding of it from its documentation, in the hopes that it may help others and myself with any corrections from misunderstandings....
A former Gizmodo writer changed his name to ‘Slackbot’ and stayed undetected for months (www.theverge.com)
Is there anything we cannot learn from the wisdom of ancient Japan? (programming.dev)
Blocking AI crawlers on the fediverse (fedia.io)
Given how Reddit now makes money by selling its data to AI companies, I was wondering how the situation is for the fediverse. Typically you can block AI crawlers using robot.txt (Verge reported about it recently: https://www.theverge.com/24067997/robots-txt-ai-text-file-web-crawlers-spiders). But this only works per...
deleted_by_moderator
What are the proposal to make the ActivityPub protocol better? (kbin.social)
I'm a fan of the Fediverse, but what are the major issues we faced right now because of the limitations of the #ActivityPub protocol? Recently, decentralize social networks are at their peak, big players are trying to be part of it, and is constantly in the news....
Negative experiences like this kneecap people migrating to Lemmy. (www.reddit.com)
Looking for help with an odd cronjob.
I make a lot of OC videos to post here on Lemmy. I’m on Nobara, which is currently on Fedora 39. I’m like an intermediate Linux user and mostly have experience with Debian. All of that being said, I’m up at odd hours....
Twitch warns US sub price increases “extremely likely” after international updates (www.dexerto.com)
Twitch warns US sub price increases “extremely likely” after international updates::undefined
A place for cranes, trains, excavators and stuff like that (lemmy.world)
top voted desired small community per a recent informal ‘poll’.
AI hiring tools may be filtering out the best job applicants (www.bbc.com)
an AI resume screener had been trained on CVs of employees already at the firm, giving people extra marks if they listed "baseball" or "basketball" – hobbies that were linked to more successful staff, often men. Those who mentioned "softball" – typically women – were downgraded....
Spam posts
So what can we do to combat this Spam posting as a community? Anyone have any ideas?
a sub for fixing home stuff and one for computer stuff
Fix it has 3 users. Boo. Reddits fix it group has gone to discord - no thanks.
Well of course I know him, he's me (lemmy.world)
Iran claims ownership over Antarctica and plans military base there (www.washingtonexaminer.com)
Iranian navy Rear Adm. Shahram Irani declared that his country has “property rights” in Antarctica, particularly the South Pole, in a newly surfaced video....
Mozilla lays off 60 people, wants to build AI into Firefox (arstechnica.com)