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intensely_human , to nostupidquestions in If incandescent lightbulbs have a vacuum inside, why do they get so hot on the outside?

Heat radiates as infrared light. Infrared doesn’t pass through glass well, so the glass absorbs the heat radiated from the filament.

Heat passed through molecular collisions is conduction, and that is the part blocked by a vacuum.

So the filament is emitting visible and infrared and the bulb is designed to let the visible pass through.

Colitas92 , to moviesandtv in Have you noticed how movies are getting longer?

I prefer to watch films that are good to great, no matter the time as long as the artists know how to use the time well and make the work worth to watch. There is fantastic works that span the whole spectrum, from short films to lenghy films, and there is trash all the way too (Some director compared it to paintings, that range from tiny papers to whole walls). If we really think about it, any anthology series like Black Mirror and The Twilight Zone 1959 are just a collection of short films that share a theme, some recurring stage crew, and etc. If i am short on literal time, i have no problem stopping and taking multiple sections to watch a film (purists have some point that it loses a little of the impact some times, but most of the time it really does not).

I think it is 2 reasons for the trend:

  • Cinema-at-home technologies just keeps getting so much better all the time, and it is already pretty great. Streaming and 80 inch 4K OLED TVs are just the latest iteration of a process started in the 1950s with tube TVs, and if VR-AR glasses popularize they will be the next. Cinema Studios and Cinema-at-theater companies had to invent new immersive technologies and art forms to stay competitive, from the rectangle screen form (16:9) until IMAX 4-D etc. They also artificially benefited the cinema-at-theater by having the release window schedule (3 months in theaters, another 6 months to dvd, 1-2 years to tv, etc), that has been diminushed but it still exists (6 weeks to 2 months in theaters i think), and in our FOMO infested culture this might make theaters stay in the long run in some form or another. But overall, home has never been such a sweet place to watch cinema.
  • The endless rat-race to keep cinema-at-theater competitive with cinema-at-home has eventually made that only Blockbusters in high tecnology cinemas are attractive enough to most people, and to pay for all this sensorial spectacle that ranges from the theaters to the films themselves, the scale of capital costs in the whole industry has just risen to the roof, and now the tickets are usually very expensive (and foods drinks etc). The average consumer in turn, feels that going to a film in a theater has to be WORTH it, has to be better than home and has to compensate for the high ticket (and foods etc) price. This means that films have to be a Spectacle that is highly sensorial and lasts a lot of time to become a memorable Event in the persons day, week or month. So, longer run times.

There is a cinema industry that is already more advanced in these characteristics: it’s Bollywood, with the Masala genre (i.e. a spectacle that has to please the whole family, and they include at least some romance action drama dance music in every film) and many hours of lengh (4hr is not unusual). Because the average indian is poor, and they go to the cinema rarely, so the indian studios have to make it worth it, an Event for the whole family, like Hollywood has to now. There is also something of a Music Show vibe, where the audience cheers and claps when the stars appears on screen, and actively engages with the film throughout (booing a vilain , lamenting a death scene, etc), it reminds me of the marvel spider man 3, but times 10 and all the time, it’s a cinema-at-theater experience also unmatched by home, because of the collective element. Maybe Bollywood is the mirror that Hollywood has to emulate now, instead of the other way.

apepi , to nostupidquestions in If incandescent lightbulbs have a vacuum inside, why do they get so hot on the outside?
@apepi@lemmy.world avatar

Heat is infrared. Light. Vacuum doesn’t have much effect.

Also many bulbs are filled with inert gases rather than being vacuums.

fubo ,

Heat is infrared. Light.

All light heats up anything that absorbs it. This includes infrared, but it also includes visible light, microwaves, radio waves, etc. You can get a nasty burn from putting your hand near a live radio transmitter antenna, for example, even though it’s emitting in RF, not infrared.

In addition, all physical objects glow with a light that is determined by their temperature. This includes your body. You are, right now, emitting light. As it happens, because of your body’s temperature, that light is mostly in the infrared.

Why do kids’ science books leave you with the impression that “heat is infrared”? Because you can see body heat with an infrared camera. Infrared is light that you can’t see with your eyes — but with the right tool, you can use to see body heat. This rounds off to “heat is infrared”.

Heat is not infrared. All physical objects emit light; objects around human body temperature glow mostly in the infrared; which we can’t see with our eyes, but can see with scientific instruments. And when an object absorbs light (including infrared), it gets hotter.

Tylerdurdon ,

Wow, I fucking learned something today. Thank you, stranger.

Mr_Blott ,

Go see what happens if you lick a radio transmitter aerial and report back

FiskFisk33 ,
418teapot ,

If I super heat a metal and it turns visibly red what is happening? Was it already emitting infrared and as it gets hotter the frequency shifts up? Or is it still emitting infrared but has a wider band of frequencies it is emitting as well (i.e. is it emitting frequencies below infrared as well as visible red)?

fubo ,

Yes, as you heat something up to “red hot”, the glow shifts from infrared to being partly in visible red frequencies. This is why a blacksmith can use the color of a piece of hot iron to tell how hot it is.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation

(This isn’t the only way hot things make light, though — for instance, flames can glow with odd colors like green or blue due to specific chemicals burning.)

fubo , to nostupidquestions in If incandescent lightbulbs have a vacuum inside, why do they get so hot on the outside?

The filament is heated by electrical resistance. That heat energy comes out as photons in a wide band in the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum. Some of those photons are intercepted by the glass bulb, the metal housing, etc.; their energy heats these materials up.

Even though a vacuum prevents conduction of heat energy, it doesn’t prevent radiation of that energy in the form of photons. That’s how the light gets from the filament to the room; and that’s how the heat gets to the surface of the bulb too.

coldredlight , to linux in Why is Linux so frustrating for some people?

I’ve been daily driving Pop on my laptop and my biggest frustrations currently are lack of working drivers for the fingerprint reader and speakers, and the Proton VPN client is crap compared to Windows.

meteokr ,
@meteokr@community.adiquaints.moe avatar

Does proton support wireguard? That has first-class support on Linux.

provisional ,

IIRC you can download Wireguard configs and just use it as a regular wireguard VPN. However, this limits you to the server that you picked unless you want to generate another config for a different server.

coldredlight ,

Apparently not by default, there’s a config you can download but I haven’t been able to get it working.

DragonTamer , to gaming in What’s one of your favorite game soundtracks?

Thomas was alone has a great soundtrack imo.

CCatMan , to selfhosted in r/selfhosted is still rising, WTF? Come to Lemmy!!!

You got it all wrong, everyone is on Threads … Nah, I just subscribed to learn about starting some self hosting. I’m running a local media server, which was easy, but want to branch out to photo backup from my various phones/accounts. Getting nervous that Google will just close my account one day for no reason. Anyway, don’t fret, the community doesn’t need to be 💯 today, it’ll get there.

I personally believe reddit will live on, that’s just the way its going to be. I dropped off, but my account is still there.

Domiku , to gaming in What side content should I do after finishing TOTK?

To offer an alternative view: nothing! It sounds like you had a great time with the game, and it’s sometimes nice to end on a high note instead of after trudging through a bunch of side content. Besides, I’m sure you have some other games you’ve been meaning to get around to 🤔

ryathal , to nostupidquestions in Are humans below mosquitos and polar bears in the food chain?

That’s why the concept of food chain is phased out in favor of food webs which can more accurately model relationships.

Hedup OP ,

Doesn’t have the same ring to it. I guess it will take time for “food webs” to get in our language, if ever.

riveterriggs ,

For most spiders every web is a food web.

zephr_c , to linux in Are packages from flathub always safe?

I’ve never heard of anyone getting an unsafe package from flathub, but they certainly aren’t all as thoroughly vetted as stuff from a well maintained distro. Any major package is almost certainly fine, but if you’re downloading something obscure I’d use Flatseal to make sure it’s very well sandboxed, just in case.

They’ve also recently added verified checkmarks to the website for flatpaks that are officially maintained by the developers of the app, so that’s another thing to look out for.

TheButtonJustSpins OP , to selfhost in GitHub PAT in docker-compose file?

I’m an idiot and can’t read. There are two services in the compose file and it was the other one that was throwing the error, and that was because I forgot the .git.

collegefurtrader , to piracy in What to do with ISOs?

Mount that shit

Crow ,
@Crow@lemmy.world avatar

Always mount unknown ISO files you download off music websites.

Makeshift , to asklemmy in Best options for Non-Google cloud storage as of 2022?

is this thread really 2 years old?

abbenm OP ,

Surprisingly, yes! I ended up opting for Libre cloud, a paid next cloud provider. You can get there two terabyte monthly plan for $15 a month, and then if you go through the steps of leaving, you can get a half off price of $7.50 a month as a lifetime discount. At least I was offered that.

DoctorOdds , to gaming in Which cutscene is and will forever be burned into your memory?

So many to choose from in the Metal Gear Solid series, but the one that sticks with me the most is when Vamp stabs Emma Emmerich, with the setting sun over the ocean in the background. Perfect scene

Mullet85 ,

I really love Snake and Otacon's cool guy handshake in MGS2 as well

RegalPotoo , to linux in Are packages from flathub always safe?
@RegalPotoo@lemmy.world avatar

They aren’t inherently safe. I don’t have any examples of Flatpak packages off FlatHub being poisoned, but FlatHub does allow “community” maintained packages - as in, someone unaffiliated with the development team of an app packages and publishes the app to FlatHub. That would seem to be a really good place to get into a supply chain if you were a bar actor.

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