Do you also observe this when running the microwave on max power? Usually, when a microwave states its 800 watts but you can adjust it down, it actually only changes the duration that power is supplied. So 400 watts would be 50% of the time the power is supplied at max.
we learned it was about 9.8. We actually measured what it was near our school, and I think it came out to 9.82. We were told it was ok to use either 9.8, 9.82 or 10 in exams.
Waiting for an actual spectrographer to weigh in, but I think there are databases of molecular emission spectra that can be used to match a sample for complex molecules.
Each element has a known set of emission lines. Mixing elements together in molecules can shift these lines some and add them together. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_spectrum has some examples across the visible spectrum.
Afaik emission spectra are measured for astronomy and passive remote sensing (since generally you’re just capturing what’s already being emitted). Most spectrometers or spectroradiometers can be used to measure emission or reflection, so then it’s just a question of if you want to measure a sample’s reflectivity by shining a known source of light at it or it’s emission by exciting it with heat or electricity or lasers.
I think Raman spectroscopy is used to excite a crystal lattice with a laser to identify its structure based on the wavelengths emitted outside the laser band, so it has a specific application on crystallography, just like X-ray diffraction.
Also don’t forget mass spectrometers literally rip apart molecules and sort the atoms by mass, so the relative composition of elements can be measured directly.
I’m bad at regurgitating information that I’ve only quasi understood from afar, but I will tell you the “Chris the Brain” on YouTube has some fantastic videos about things like this. I know he’s covered it in a few videos. They are long, but he’s SUCH a good teacher. That man is an absolute fucking genius, mark my words.
You’re in for SUCH a wild ride!! I’m so excited for you. He’s opened my mind SO MUCH, and the theory he’s working on is going to be revolutionary I suspect.
Sorry, can’t answer your question. Quick correction though, uranium is the highest atomic number that occurs nationally.
Edit: so I’m wrong about this. In school we learned that it was uranium and that’s also what it said when I checked sources, but not enough. Apologies.
An explosion wouldn’t change the gravity situation though. Gravitational waves are not relevant here. The danger of an explosion would be the physical matter stripping the atmosphere, and radiation. I think it would take quite a bit longer before Earths gravity is affected significantly based on the drag from traveling through the debris. A gravity well is about the total mass in the center. So wouldn’t a significant amount of material need to make it past the orbit of earth before the orbit is directly altered? The expansion would impact the rotation of matter from the stellar body, but that is not coupled to an orbiting body in a vacuum.
You are right! People often say “what if the sun blew up” in the context of gravity speed vs. light speed thought experiments, but what they really mean is shorthand for what if the entire sun was somehow deleted in a single instant with no trace. But in reality, “blowing up” the sun is much different than “deleting” it and leaves its entire mass behind, just spread around more.
There is even a theorem in general relativity that proves that massenergy cannot be deleted, invalidating a whole swath of such thought experiments. Forgot what it’s called though.
According to Randall Munroe (the author behind xkcd.com) in his book ‘what if? 2’ a house sized cumulus cloud, which would be very small for a cloud, contains roughly one litre of water, which in turn weighs 1 kilogramm.
If you want to look it up and somehow find a version of the book online, this information is in the chapter about the largest thing you could theoretically eat in one sitting (it’s the cloud).
Can you give more context to where the phrasing is used? Coming from a computer science angle, there are different data types for different things. For instance, you would use a “float” (floating point) data type to store a number like 7.12. Likewise, you use an “int” to store a whole number (such as 7). Because computers use a certain number of bits to store information, this means there’s a max size to your data. int data types specifically have a “signed int” option as well as an “unsigned int” (the latter being a non negative integer). The benefit there is that by not storing a sign, the int can store numbers about 2x as large as a signed int.
If I dont need to ever store a negative value, I might explicitly call out that when writing out an algorithm
That’s not really how quantum entanglement works. When particles are entangled, their quantum mechanical states cannot be described independently. So you couldn’t write down a waveform for just one particle and have it correctly describe reality, you would need the waveform of the entire state and therefore all entangled particles.
As a consequence, certain physical observables can be highly correlated between the particles. For example, if the spin of the overall entangled state of 2 particles is 0, then the spin of 1 particle will be exactly opposite the spin of the other. But these spins are only defined upon measurement (interaction with a system that is deterministic), and at that point the entangled state is collapsed. There’s no mechanism for transporting information while maintaining an entangled state.
Ignoring this fundamental issue, it still wouldn’t be possible to maintain an entangled state between particles in a pair of twins for any practical amount of time. Maintaining coherence in qubits (entailed bits) is one of the big challenges in quantum computing. If the qubits interact with the environment it breaks their entanglement. Even just thermal vibrations will destroy the state. So typically qubits are held at near absolute 0 in a dilution refrigerator. Even still, the longest a qubit has been kept coherent is 5 seconds.
Thanks, been studying a bit about entanglement, super determinism and all that. I thought it was an interesting thought about the twins but I realized it wasn’t likely for the reasons you gave. It’s almost like distance between objects is the weird part about our universe, not it’s quantum material, thus why the entanglement seems strange at a distance. The more I study about it, the more that our 3 dimensions isn’t fundamental, but only a result of wave collapse - this is why the photon doesn’t seem to care how much we try and passively manipulate it, only how it’s finally collapsed. Like how qubits can only exist in their uncertain phase for 5 secs - it’s hard to keep it from interacting/collapsing. Perhaps antimatter annihilates with our matter because of how differently the two matter types collapse their particles from each other?  It’s all so interesting…
One of my favorite scenes is where Seven is handing Naomi a stack of PADDs: “Read this one, then this one, then all these…” Naomi internal: “Bitch, this coulda been an email…”
askscience
Top
This magazine is from a federated server and may be incomplete. Browse more on the original instance.