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bibliolater , to linguistics
@bibliolater@qoto.org avatar

Arabic Loanwords in Hebrew

The influence of Arabic, both spoken (in innumerable dialects, including those spoken by Jews) and written, took place in the mediaeval and modern periods of Hebrew; its vocabulary forms more than half of the Hebrew lexicon, according to the renowned dictionary of Abraham Even-Shoshan (Rosenstein, 1906–1984). The approximately 8,000 lexical items in the Bible are not sufficient to entirely meet the needs of either a written language or a spoken one.

Shehadeh, H. (2011) “Arabic Loanwords in Hebrew”, Studia Orientalia Electronica, 111, pp. 327–344. Available at: https://journal.fi/store/article/view/9316 (Accessed: 25June2024).

@linguistics

bibliolater , to linguistics
@bibliolater@qoto.org avatar

Arabic Loanwords in Hebrew

The influence of Arabic, both spoken (in innumerable dialects, including those spoken by
Jews) and written, took place in the mediaeval and modern periods of Hebrew; its vocabulary forms more than half of the Hebrew lexicon, according to the renowned dictionary of Abraham Even-Shoshan (Rosenstein, 1906–1984). The approximately 8,000 lexical items in the Bible are not sufficient to entirely meet the needs of either a written language or a spoken one.

Shehadeh, H. (2011) “Arabic Loanwords in Hebrew”, Studia Orientalia Electronica, 111, pp. 327–344. Available at: https://journal.fi/store/article/view/9316 (Accessed: 25June2024).

@linguistics

litteracarolina , to medievodons
@litteracarolina@mastodon.online avatar

Here is another lovely from @subugoe (8 Cod. MS pers. 14), containing the Šerḥ-i Sabḥat al-abrār, a literary text. This is from the 17th or 18th century. @historikerinnen @histodons @medievodons

litteracarolina , to medievodons
@litteracarolina@mastodon.online avatar

Looking at with my students today. This is a stunning frontispiece from @subugoe Cod MS arab. 190, containing the Kitāb al-wāfīya fi šarḥ al-kāfīya from 1478, collated with the author’s own copy. @historikerinnen @medievodons @histodons

bibliolater , to medievodons
@bibliolater@qoto.org avatar

"With its added translations from Arabic into Hebrew, the astrolabe closely recalls the recommendations prescribed by the Spanish Jewish polymath Abraham Ibn Ezra (1089–1167) in the earliest surviving treatise on the astrolabe in the Hebrew language written in 1146 precisely in Verona."

Gigante, F. (2024). A Medieval Islamic Astrolabe with Hebrew Inscriptions in Verona: The Seventeenth-Century Collection of Ludovico Moscardo. Nuncius 39, 1, 163-192, Available From: Brill https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10095 [Accessed 04 March 2024] @science @medievodons

hexehelicen , to random
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Tonight I started a discovery course of Hebrew. Just for me

I checked the alphabet
Similar system of consonants and strong vowels on which you append unwritten short vowels

Then I went on with the words that are close to Arabic, which I started to learn 20 years ago (not seriously enough): I still remember though how to pronounce most of arabic letters, and remember some vocabulary

I post my "course", because I recognize many of the words: THREAD will be LONG

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Avinu' (אבינו) / Arabic: 'Abūna' (أبونا)
"Our father"
Root א-ב / أ-ب (A-B)

Hebrew: 'Ema' (אמא) / Arabic: 'Umm' (أم)
"Mother"
Root א-מ / أ-م (A-M)

Hebrew: 'Ben' (בן) / Arabic: 'Ibn' (ابن)
"Son"
Root ב-נ / ب-ن (B-N)

Hebrew: 'Bayit' (בית) / Arabic: 'Bayt' (بيت)
"House"
Root ב-י-ת / ب-ي-ت (B-Y-T)


hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Sefer' (ספר) / Arabic: 'Sifr' (صِفْر)
"Book" in Hebrew; "Zero" or "Empty" in Arabic
Root ס-פ-ר / ص-ف-ر (S-P-R)
EN"cypher" FR"chiffre" IT-ES-PT"cifra" DE"Ziffer" NL"cijfer"

Hebrew: 'Derekh' (דרך) / Arabic: 'Tariq' (طريق)
"Way" or "Road"
Root ד-ר-ך / ط-ر-ق (D-R-K / Ṭ-R-Q)

Hebrew: 'Hallel' (הלל) / Arabic: 'Hillal' (هِلَال)
"Praise" in Hebrew; "Crescent" in Arabic
Root ה-ל-ל / ه-ل-ل (H-L-L)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Malakh' (מלאך) / Arabic: 'Malak' (ملاك)
"Angel"
Root מ-ל-א / م-ل-ك (M-L-' / M-L-K)

Hebrew: 'Or' (אור) / Arabic: 'Nūr' (نور)
"Light"
Root א-ו-ר / ن-و-ر (A-W-R / N-W-R)

Hebrew: 'Bar' (בר) / Arabic: 'Bar' (بَرّ)
"Son" in Aramaic (used in Hebrew); "Righteous" or "Pious" in Arabic
Root ב-ר / ب-ر (B-R)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Lev' (לב) / Arabic: 'Qalb' (قلب)
Means "Heart"
Root ל-ב / ق-ل-ب (L-B / Q-L-B)

Hebrew: 'Melekh' (מלך) / Arabic: 'Malik' (ملك)
Means "King"
Root מ-ל-ך / م-ل-ك (M-L-K)

Hebrew: 'Shamayim' (שמים) / Arabic: 'Samaa' (سماء)
Means "Heaven" or "Sky"
Root ש-מ-י / س-م-ء (S-M-Y / S-M-')

Hebrew: 'Eretz' (ארץ) / Arabic: 'Ard' (أرض)
Means "Earth" or "Land"
Root א-ר-ץ / أ-ر-ض (A-R-Ẓ)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Kesef' (כסף) / Arabic: 'Kasaf' (كسف)
Means "Money" or "Silver" in Hebrew; "To cover" or "To conceal" in Arabic
Root כ-ס-ף / ك-س-ف (K-S-F)

Hebrew: 'Din' (דין) / Arabic: 'Deen' (دين)
Means "Judgment" or "Law" in Hebrew; "Religion" or "Judgment" in Arabic
Root ד-י-נ / د-ي-ن (D-Y-N)

Hebrew: 'Zahav' (זהב) / Arabic: 'Dhahab' (ذهب)
Means "Gold"
Root ז-ה-ב / ذ-ه-ب (Z-H-B / Ḏ-H-B)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Kohen' (כהן) / Arabic: 'Kahin' (كاهن)
"Priest"
Root כ-ה-נ / ك-ه-ن (K-H-N)

Hebrew: 'Sadeh' (שדה) / Arabic: 'Sahra' (صحراء)
"Field" in Hebrew; "Desert" in Arabic
Root ש-ד-ה / ص-ح-ر (Š-D-H / Ṣ-Ḥ-R)

Hebrew: 'Ahavah' (אהבה) / Arabic: 'Hubb' (حُبّ)
"Love"
Root א-ה-ב / ح-ب-ب (A-H-B / Ḥ-B-B)

Hebrew: 'Yom' (יום) / Arabic: 'Yawm' (يوم)
"Day"
Root י-ו-מ / ي-و-م (Y-W-M)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Kavod' (כבוד) / Arabic: 'Kabid' (كبد)
"Liver" in Hebrew; "Heavy" or "Liver" in Arabic
Root כ-ב-ד / ك-ب-د (K-B-D)

Hebrew: 'Se'arah' (שערה) / Arabic: 'Sha'ar' (شَعَر)
"Hair"
Root ש-ע-ר / ش-ع-ر (Sh--R / Sh--R)

Hebrew: 'Regel' (רגל) / Arabic: 'Rijl' (رجل)
"Foot" or "Leg"
Root ר-ג-ל / ر-ج-ل (R-G-L)

Hebrew: 'Ozen' (אוזן) / Arabic: 'Udhun' (أذن)
"Ear"
Root א-ז-נ / أ-ذ-ن (O-Z-N / 'Udh-N)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Chai' (חי) Arabic: 'Hayy' (حيّ)
"Alive" or "Life"
Root ח-י / ح-ي (Ch-Y / Ḥ-Y)

Hebrew: 'Mayim' (מים) Arabic: 'Maa' (ماء)
"Water"
Root מ-י-מ / م-ا-ء (M-Y-M / M-‘-')

Hebrew: 'Shemesh' (שמש) Arabic: 'Shams' (شمس)
"Sun"
Common Root: ש-מ-ש / ش-م-س (Sh-M-Sh / Sh-M-S)

Hebrew: 'Milhamah' (מלחמה) Arabic: 'Muhaarabah' (محاربة)
"War" or "Battle"
Root: מ-ל-ח-מ / م-ح-ر-ب (M-L-Ḥ-M / M-Ḥ-R-B)

even for "WAR"

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Olam' (עולם) / Arabic: 'Alam' (عالم)
"World" or "Universe"
Root ע-ו-ל-מ / ع-ل-م (‘-L-M)

Hebrew: 'Nefesh' (נפש) / Arabic: 'Nafs' (نفس)
"Soul" or "Self"
Root נ-פ-ש / ن-ف-س (N-F-Sh / N-F-S)

Hebrew: 'Kise' (כסא) / Arabic: 'Kursi' (كرسي)
"Chair" or "Throne"
Root כ-ס-א / ك-ر-س (K-S-‘ / K-R-S)

Hebrew: 'Rosh' (ראש) / Arabic: 'Ra's' (رأس)
"Head"
Root ר-א-ש / ر-أ-س (R-’-Sh / R-’-S)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Tov' (טוב) / Arabic: 'Tayyib' (طيب)
"Good"
Root ט-ו-ב / ط-ي-ب (T-W-B / Ṭ-Y-B)

Hebrew: 'Gan' (גן) / Arabic: 'Jannah' (جنة)
"Garden"
Root ג-נ / ج-ن (G-N / J-N)

Hebrew: 'Sefatayim' (שפתיים) / Arabic: 'Shafatain' (شفتين)
"Lips"
Root: ש-פ-ת / ش-ف-ت (Sh-P-T / Sh-F-T)

Hebrew: 'Kol' (קול) / Arabic: 'Sawt' (صوت)
"Voice" or "Sound"
Root: ק-ו-ל / ص-و-ت (Q-W-L / Ṣ-W-T)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Davar' (דבר) / Arabic: 'Dabar' (دَبَر)
"Thing" or "Word" in Hebrew; "To follow" or "Back" in Arabic
Root: ד-ב-ר / د-ب-ر (D-B-R)

Hebrew: 'Alef' (אלף) / Arabic: 'Alif' (ألف)
The first letter of the alphabet in both languages
Root א-ל-ף / أ-ل-ف (A-L-F)

Hebrew: 'Gal' (גל) / Arabic: 'Jal' (جل)
"Wave" in Hebrew; "To be manifest" or "Clear" in Arabic
Root ג-ל / ج-ل (G-L / J-L)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Chalom' (חלום) / Arabic: 'Hulm' (حلم)
"Dream"
Root: ח-ל-מ / ح-ل-م (Ḥ-L-M)

Hebrew: 'Ketev' (כתב) / Arabic: 'Kitab' (كتاب)
"Writing" in Hebrew; "Book" in Arabic
Root כ-ת-ב / ك-ت-ب (K-T-B)

Hebrew: 'Laylah' (לילה) / Arabic: 'Layl' (ليل)
"Night"
Root ל-י-ל / ل-ي-ل (L-Y-L)

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

Hebrew: 'Shorash' (שורש) / Arabic: 'Jidhr' (جذر)
"Root" in Hebrew; "Root" or "Origin" in Arabic
Root: ש-ר-ש / ج-ذ-ر (Sh-R-Sh / J-Ḏ-R)

this one is not obvious for me, if it is erroneous, any to correct me?

Anyway, it's fascinating, and I think I will continue this thread, as long as chatGPT can list me words with a common root between the two languages

@languagelovers

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

@languagelovers Hebrew: 'Tohorah' (טהרה)
Arabic: 'Tahara' (طهارة)
"Purity" or "Cleanliness"
Root ט-ה-ר / ط-ه-ر (Ṭ-H-R)

Hebrew: 'Yad' (יד)
Arabic: 'Yad' (يد)
"Hand"
Root י-ד / ي-د (Y-D)

Hebrew: 'Zahor' (זהר)
Arabic: 'Dhahar' (ظهر)
"To shine" or "Radiance" in Hebrew; "Back" or "To appear" in Arabic
Root: ז-ה-ר / ظ-ه-ر (Z-H-R / Ḍh-H-R)


@languagelovers
@linguistics

hexehelicen OP ,
@hexehelicen@social.tchncs.de avatar

@languagelovers @linguistics

Hebrew: 'Zanav' (זנב)
Arabic: 'Dhanab' (ذنب)
"Tail"
Root: ז-נ-ב / ذ-ن-ب (Z-N-B / Dh-N-B)

Hebrew: 'Koteret' (כותרת)
Arabic: 'Kitaarat' (كتارة)
"Title" or "Heading" in Hebrew; "Crown" or "Diadem" in Arabic
Root: כ-ת-ר / ك-ت-ر (K-T-R)

18+ estelle , to histodons
@estelle@techhub.social avatar

Many of the kidnapped children were born to families of recent immigrants, living in the poorly maintained and isolated absorption camps where they were settled by state authorities upon their arrival.

"He was informed that the child had died; he couldn’t understand how such a minor injury caused a young child to die in one day. My grandfather, who didn’t know local customs and spoke only Yemenite Arabic and according to my uncle Yitzhak was still in mourning over the passing of his wife, was returned to the camp and did not inquire any further. Just like in so many similar stories, there was no body and there was no grave. But years later, as they found out, the child’s military conscription order arrived at their doorstep."

  • Testimony of Tal-Zahra Lavie

cited in https://jewishstudies.washington.edu/israel-hebrew/israel-kidnapped-children-activism-yemenite-babies-affair/ @histodons

bibliolater , to anthropology
@bibliolater@qoto.org avatar

"The first such migration is predicted to have occurred at the onset of the Neolithic, and accordingly J1e parallels the establishment of rain-fed agriculture and semi-nomadic herders throughout the Fertile Crescent. Subsequently, J1e lineages might have been involved in episodes of the expansion of pastoralists into arid habitats coinciding with the spread of Arabic and other Semitic-speaking populations."

Chiaroni, J., King, R., Myres, N. et al. The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations. Eur J Hum Genet 18, 348–353 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2009.166 @science @biology @anthropology

appassionato , to bookstodon
@appassionato@mastodon.social avatar

The House of Wisdom

A myth-shattering view of the Islamic world's myriad scientific innovations and the role they played in sparking the European Renaissance.

@bookstodon

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