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Aagje_D_Vogel ,

That huge HR team won’t support itself. /s

Landmammals ,

wtfhappenedin1971.com

metallic_z3r0 ,

As Kochevnik81 wrote 10 months ago:

I just wanted to speak a bit towards that website. I think that specifically what it is trying to argue (with extremely varying degrees of good arguments) is that all these social and economic changes can be traced back to the United States ending gold convertibility in 1971. I say the arguments are of extremely varying degrees because as has been pointed out here, some things like crime are trends that stretched back into the 1960s, some things like deregulation more properly start around the 1980s, and even something like inflation is complicated by the fact that it was already rising in the 1960s, and was drastically impacted by things like the 1973 and 1979 Oil Shocks.

The decision on August 15, 1971 is often referred to in this context as removing the US dollar from the gold standard, and that’s true to a certain extent, but a very specific one. It was the end of the Bretton Woods system, which had been established in 1944, with 44 countries among the Allied powers being the original participants. This system essentially created a network of fixed exchange rates between currencies, with member currencies pegged to the dollar and allowed a 1% variation from those pegs. The US dollar in turn was pegged to $35 per gold ounce. At the time the US owned something like 80% of the world’s gold reserves (today it’s a little over 25%).

The mechanics of this system meant that other countries essentially were tying their monetary policies to US monetary policy (as well as exchange rate policy obviously, which often meant that US exports were privileged over other countries’). The very long and short is that domestic US government spending plus the high costs of the Vietnam War meant that the US massively increased the supply of dollars in this fixed system, which meant that for other countries, the US dollar was overvalued compared to its fixed price in gold. Since US dollars were convertible to gold, these other countries decided to cash out, meaning that the US gold reserves decreased basically by half in the decade leading up to 1971. This just wasn’t sustainable - there were runs on the dollar as foreign exchange markets expected that eventually it would have to be devalued against gold.

This all meant that after two days of meeting with Treasury Secretary John Connally and Budget Director George Schultz (but noticeably not Secretary of State William Rogers nor Presidential Advisor Henry Kissinger), President Richard Nixon ordered a sweeping “New Economic Policy” on August 15, 1971, stating:

““We must create more and better jobs; we must stop the rise in the cost of living [note: the domestic annual inflation rate had already risen from under 2% in the early 1960s to almost 6% in the late 1960s]; we must protect the dollar from the attacks of international money speculators.””

To this effect, Nixon requested tax cuts, ordered a 90-day price and wage freeze, a 10% tariff on imports (which was to encourage US trading partners to revalue their own currencies to the favor of US exports), and a suspension on the convertibility of US dollars to gold. The impact was an international shock, but a group of G-10 countries agreed to new fixed exchange rates against a devalued dollar ($38 to the gold ounce) in the December 1971 Smithsonian Agreement. Speculators in forex markets however kept trying to push foreign currencies up to their upper limits against the dollar, and the US unilaterally devalued the dollar in February 1973 to $42 to the gold ounce. By later in the year, the major world currencies had moved to floating exchange rates, ie rates set by forex markets and not by pegs, and in October the (unrelated, but massively important) oil shock hit.

So what 1971 meant: it was the end of US dollar convertability to gold, ie the US “temporarily” suspended payments of gold to other countries that wanted to exchange their dollars for it. What it didn’t mean: it wasn’t the end of the gold standard for private US citizens, which had effectively ended in 1933 (and for good measure, the exchange of silver for US silver certificates had ended in the 1960s). It also wasn’t really the end of the pegged rates of the Bretton Woods system, which hobbled on for almost two more years. It also wasn’t the cause of inflation, which had been rising in the 1960s, and would be massively influenced by the 1970s energy crisis, which sadly needs less explaining in 2022 than it would have just a few years ago.

It also really doesn’t have much to do with social factors like rising crime rates, or female participation in the workforce. And it deceptively doesn’t really have anything to do with trends like the US trade deficit or increases in income disparity, where the changes more obviously happen around 1980.

Also, just to draw out the 1973 Oil Shock a little more - a lot of the trends around economic stagnation, price inflation, and falls in productivity really are from this, not the 1971-1973 forex devaluations, although as mentioned the strain and collapse of Bretton Woods meant that US exports were less competitive than they had been previously. But the post 1945 world economy had been predicated on being fueled by cheap oil, and this pretty much ended overnight in October 1973: even when adjusted for inflation, the price essentially immediately tripled that month, and then doubled again in 1979. The fact that the economies of the postwar industrial world had been built around this cheap oil essentially meant that without major changes, industrial economies were vastly more expensive in their output (ie, productivity massively suffered), and many of the changes to make industries competitive meant long term moves towards things like automation or relocating to countries with cheaper input costs, which hurt industrial areas in North America and Western Europe (the Eastern Bloc, with its fossil fuel subsidies to its heavy industries, avoided this until the 1990s, when it hit even faster and harder).

" I know the gold standard is not generally regarded as a good thing among mainstream economists,"

I just want to be clear here that no serious economist considers a gold standard a good thing. This is one of the few areas where there is near universal agreement among economists. The opinion of economists on the gold standard is effectively the equivalent of biologists’ opinions on intelligent design.

Landmammals ,

I’m not an economist, and definitely not a gold bug. I mostly reference that website as confirmation that something really did shift in the American economy. I don’t necessarily think it’s related to the gold standard.

I think of it more like a tipping point, the wheels of capitalism started mining the prosperity of the American citizens faster than it was being produced. The harder we’ve worked to try and catch up, the more wealth was generated to take away. Everything is pushed to the point of failure. The entire economy runs on borrowing money, so there’s no incentive to have Americans save anything ever.

Behind everything that’s causing people misery there is an industry making record profits. As time goes on the machine just seems to get more cruel and more efficient. We’re all one healthcare disaster away from losing everything.

I definitely don’t think that’s the fault of the gold standard. I blame the Cold war. At some point we decided that capitalism is defined as anything that makes money and communism is anything the government does to help people. Capitalism is always good, communism is always bad. And here we are 50 some years later.

The people living in tents exist as a warning to the workforce. Keep working for whatever you’re offered, or you will lose everything. You will lose your health care, you will lose your home, you will lose anything you have managed to save or build and be despised by society for having a moral failing. Rent keeps going up, food prices keep going up, but there’s no money in the record profit producing budget to give you a cost of living raise.

Anyway, I think the website is a good tool for demonstrating how the world no longer works to benefit people. But I blame the Cold war rather than the gold standard.

mayo ,
@mayo@lemmy.world avatar

This is where UBI payments could come from

GreenMario ,

This is why I slack the fuck off at work.

walnutwalrus ,

what alternatives to unions exist that might be better in the modern day

orrk ,

alternative? you think that union membership has declined just because they were bad and not because of a concerted effort to try and destroy them?

walnutwalrus ,

union membership has declined just because they were bad

kind of, they can be coercive and also can be taken over and not represent what people want, and also haven’t certain laws neutralized them a bit?

I mean some alternatives that come to mind are people just switch jobs, or create businesses I guess

People could organize without it having to be a “union”, and I guess some have

bcron ,

deleted_by_author

    •
    Wanderer , (edited )

    CEO have to advertise their pay publicly. This caused the huge increase in their salaries.

    If you want pay to go up one of the best things the government can do is force everyone’s pay to be public.

    Economics works on the assumption all information is available to make rational decisions and this will impact supply and demand.

    Edit: there->their

    SCB ,

    Also strongly correlating with advancement in technology.

    orrk ,

    not really, once you look at this over a longer time span you can see that no it does not correlate with technology, unless you think that technology basically stagnated between ww1 and the 80s

    walkercricket ,

    (to complete the comment before me) … and that you assume the technology is also mostly stagnant in the last 2 decades, which it certainly wasn’t, especially in the computer science world. Though it could’ve got much much faster if people were paid more relative to what they produce.

    SCB ,

    While it is certainly plausible that there are diminishing productivity returns from technology, there is little evidence that paying people relative to their production increases production at all.

    Most people in America don’t make things, and their productivity is an intangible concept.

    walkercricket ,

    There are evidence. A lot of evidence. Any country where the minimum wage was raised significantly, even if most of the time, it’s the private enterprises which end up paying those workers, we can see a boost of the GDP, which is the metric usually used to measure the consumption (and therefore production) of a country, considering something like 70% of the GDP is direct consumption (don’t remember the exact stat). The simple reason behind it is that if you give people money, they will spend it, paying the companies and people making the stuff so they can make more stuff. How can you except products to be sold if nobody has the money to buy it? And considering a lot of people talk about the price rise and hot having the money to pay this or that, it becomes basic logic, at this point.

    SCB ,

    Raising the minimum wage is not thing their wage to their production

    I’m all for removing all current welfare payouts and simply handing people equivalent cash instead for exactly the reasons you list, as well as raising minimum wage and tying it to local COL

    walkercricket ,

    I’m all for removing all current welfare payouts and simply handing people equivalent cash instead

    If you do that, you’re gonna make people even poorer than they are, making everything more expensive for everybody. Have you ever wondered why health is hell of a lot cheaper in Europe than in places like the USA? It’s precisely because we have welfare payouts to let the government take care of the price and regulate abuse by pressurizing the different industries, while in the USA, you have basically nothing, so it’s the customer vs the entire industry and guess who wins? Not the people. So you have to pay your meds or consultations 10 times the price you would in Europe. Money you give to the state through welfare is money you give to yourself…

    SCB ,

    Health care shouldn’t be a welfare payout, which may be where our disagreement lies.

    StarkillerX42 ,

    This graph makes me want to cry. The data too, but the graph made me cry first.

    Dagwood222 ,

    It started with Ronald Reagan going after PATCO, the air traffic controllers’ union. They had supported him in the 1980 election, one of the few Unions to do so. When they went on strike, he fired them all, and refused to rehire. The FAA was left scrambling for controllers.

    Whenever you look at the death of the American dream, you see Ronnie Reagan.

    mind ,

    deleted_by_author

    •
    Dagwood222 ,

    Reagan signed a contract so bad that even arch-conservative Bob Hope called it a ‘give away.’ He made it possible for talent agencies to become producers, so the guy negotiating your contract was also your employer. On top of that he spied on his members for the FBI.

    EllE ,

    What the actual F? How is such a small % in a union? In my country 94% of employed 25-54 year olds are in a union.

    I have literally never met anyone (aside from self-employed people) who told me or indicated to me that they weren’t in a union.

    joel_feila ,
    @joel_feila@lemmy.world avatar

    the people I work just very strongly believe union are bad. The union fees cost to much, strikes only hurt other people, we con’t unionize because people need us to do our job, you can’t unionize unskilled labor, My husband/wife works for and they hate it, What do they do for us nothing.

    I don’t know how to change people minds all I know is show them facts and they don’t believe them.

    new_acct_who_dis ,

    There’s so many idiots that are in unions and bitch about them, but for some reason refuse to leave the union.

    People are really really dumb

    Noodle07 ,

    That’s America’s first problem

    MajorHavoc ,

    The union fees part is hilariously silly. Better salary from collective bargaining more than makes up for a membership fee.

    joel_feila ,
    @joel_feila@lemmy.world avatar

    yes true but they don’t believe it

    Crashumbc ,

    40 years of propaganda

    Wanderer ,

    What op should do it take a country like yours and put it on the same graph. If average wage goes down for your country too then it’s highly likely not to be a union factor and instead something else.

    www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations

    It’s more likely WW2 effects, immigration and increasing competitiveness of the world.

    monk ,

    Fix your axis.

    uphillbothways ,
    @uphillbothways@kbin.social avatar

    Remember: Workers make the machinery. Then, workers use the machinery to make more things. It may be different workers at different stages, but workers are the only means of production. Everything is produced by someone working to do so.

    Join a union.

    nikt ,

    Keep in mind most of that machinery nowadays is made by workers elsewhere in the world, primarily in China, where the union membership rate is something like 45%.

    Omniraptor , (edited )

    If workers rights in China improve capital may simply move on to idk Mexico, India, lots of places with cheaply exploitable labor and pliable governments.

    nikt ,

    The majority of those unionized employees in China belong to government-controlled unions. The Chinese government has the last word on all this, and the employees’ “rights” are ultimately subject to the CCPs whims. Basically both the company and the union are ultimately controlled by the same entity.

    It’s absurd, as it defeats the whole point of a union.

    This is what eventually seems to happen under every attempt at communism that we’ve seen so far.

    VolatileExhaustPipe ,

    The majority of those unionized employees in China belong to government-controlled unions.

    Source? For all three claims please.

    Chinese government has the last word on all this

    That is the thing with states, i.e. the USA, the state power enforces laws. Just as Max Weber’s theories go.

    However in the USA it often seems that corporations and economic elites do have quite a say in things that are related to doing away with employee laws, without many push-back.

    Anyhow, are you in a union? Make your friends get into unions. However if you do you have to be willing to strike, willing to be internationalists and willing to organize. Try to achieve 45% union membership rate within your company and the subcontractors working with you.

    BigNote ,

    There is no universe in which Chinese labor unions are even remotely the same thing as labor unions in the western-style industrialized democracies. China is an authoritarian top-down quasi-capitalistic system which means that there is no management for workers to negotiate with apart from a single massive structure that’s ultimately controlled by Xi’s government.

    Contrast that to western-style industrialized democracies wherein unions are meant to use organized labor as a ballast against the power of privately owned industrial management.

    It’s just not the same thing at all.

    Furthermore, while virtually all modern machinery contains Chinese-made parts, it’s just a fact that in the western-style industrialized democracies, tradesmen vastly prefer power-tools made in places like the US or Germany or Japan because they tend to be much better in terms of quality and reliability and lifespan then are their Chinese-made counterparts.

    Go to any big construction site in the US and you’ll immediately see that the workers prefer brands like Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Hilti, Husqvarna and Bosch over the cheaper Chinese-made alternatives, for example.

    chonglibloodsport ,

    How much of the great decoupling is just due to big tech and the investment landscape around it?

    orrk ,

    considering this started in the 70s… no.

    chonglibloodsport ,

    Big tech started before the 70s. IBM was founded in 1911. Hewlett-Packard in 1939. The 60s and 70s were when computers as a business tool (mainframes) really took off.

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    i wonder what happened in the last decade that gave western countries a much bigger and less discerning workforce to select from that enables them to dump wages ... ?

    Viking_Hippie ,

    Deregulation, mostly.

    SpicyPeaSoup ,
    @SpicyPeaSoup@kbin.social avatar

    The joys of mass migration.

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    now combine this with deregulation and you got a big corps wet dream utopia. guess who's not joining unions?

    WindInTrees ,

    Immigration is a very good thing for economies prepared to handle it.

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    if said economies gatekeep and hand select the ppl they let in, yes, but the exact opposite of that is happening. and no one is interested to tackle the problems that built up the need for immigration in the first place, creating a pretty bad circle.

    Amaltheamannen ,

    The reserve army of labour existed long before immigration

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    not in that quantity. not with journalists, activists and politicians being in line with (big) employers. it's not about "immigration", it's about "mass immigration" by mostly poor and undereducated ppl (not judging) who will do low end and manual labour for $10/h less, no fix hours and no insurance. those people get used and abused and the domestic workers are getting dumped, accelerating the social downward spiral faster with every day.

    it's either creating social collapse or a new wageslave caste, everyone loses but the big shots.

    Viking_Hippie ,

    Fun fact: you can be against (big) employers skewing the market by getting away with abusing migrant workers without blaming them for fleeing even worse conditions.

    In general, immigration (yes, including mass immigration)is a huge cultural and economic boon to any country with proper infrastructure to handle the transition. The problem is that corrupt politicians are negligent in enabling that infrastructure AND letting unscrupulous corporations get away with semi-slavery, not that the exploited workers are in the country in the first place.

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    "In general, immigration (yes, including mass immigration)is a huge cultural and economic boon to any country with proper infrastructure to handle the transition." - that's not what's happening in like europe right now, it's even getting worse, but i guess some ppl will continue to try to meme this into reality. and let's not talk about draining other countries of it's workforce, something that's conveniently gets ignored everytime a topic like that pops up.

    Amaltheamannen ,

    Do you live in Europe? I’m in Sweden and its both sad and hilarious how much our problems get exaggerated or misunderstood in foreign media

    Viking_Hippie ,

    Hej granne! I’m in Denmark and couldn’t agree more if I tried.

    When I see an American mentioning our countries, it’s almost always either

    A) someone on the left who’s done their research about social safety nets and wants the US to emulate our successes or

    B) someone on the right who’s heard in the far right “news” echochamber that we live in communist dystopias overrun with hordes of barbaric Muslims, Africans and African Muslims pillaging and raping 24/7🤦

    Never about our great football players! 😤

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    just take a close look at germany and tell me that it's going to be fine there. denmark is probably not the best example for this since immigration laws got more strict since 2021.

    Viking_Hippie , (edited )

    Immigration laws have been getting stricter here ever since former PM Fogh made spin doctors a thing in Danish politics in 2000 and it’s not because it’s necessary.

    It’s the same reason why YOU keep insisting that immigration is inherently bad: demagogues and yellow news convincing the already more bigoted and fearful segments of the population that they pose an existential threat when in reality they’re the best solution for many of our problems and also just regular people like us.

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    it's not "inherently bad", but the way and scale it happens right now, is - for everyone involved. you can gaslight yourself as much as you want, blaming "demagogues" and "the yellow press" for the bad image, turn around and use the exact same indiscriminating and shallow approach to portrait it as something intrinsic great without seeing the irony in it. and again, it's fascinating how ppl like you chose to simply ignore the brain drain for other countries and the continuing social and economic downward spiral there because of it because in your opinion it's "the best solution for many of our problems and also just regular people like us" [citation needed].

    Viking_Hippie ,

    You can be contrarian, project and put words in quotes all you want, doesn’t change that I’m right and you’re slavishly following the default narrative that the rich, the bigots, and the rich bigots are feeding you for their own selfish and often paranoid ends.

    You’ve been had and are trying to spread the rot. Just stop.

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    And yet you‘re just spilling phrases, can‘t argue on your own. You point your finger at me and say that I’m „slavishly following the default narrative (of) the rich“ while you‘re just repeating the same corporate speak that once killed the „occupy“-movement, coined by the 1% to divide the working class for good. Tell me: when you‘re pov aligns with basically all mega corps, political parties, celebrities and mainstream news outlets: who‘s the slave of the rich?

    Viking_Hippie ,

    Wtf are you blathering about?? The Occupy movement was never anti-immigrant and, as we’ve alreeady discussed, the megacorps and the politicians they buy are for any chance of exploiting workers, regardless of nationality. I am for the free movement AND EQUAL HIGH STANDARDS OF TREATMENT of any worker in the world, which is the exact opposite of what they want.

    I’d ask for some of what you’re smoking, but clearly it rots the brain.

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    For someone not being able to see the bigger picture you’re language is quite strong. Stay happy being a corporate slave, cya.

    Viking_Hippie , (edited )

    Look, I found a gif of you!

    https://lemmy.world/pictrs/image/4f92990a-36c3-4b62-9b6f-5cd9b97b4b2f.mp4

    (Was going to remove it since it won’t post, but a broken link is also quite analogous of your confident ignorance 🤷)

    mishimaenjoyer , (edited )
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    I’m already aware that you are not able to take part in a discussion, dodging topics and context, so all you have are ad hominem attacks - at least I know what kind of person you are :)

    Something to think about for you: „occupy“ - amongst other groups with similar missions - started to fail the moment ppl showed up and introduced identity politics, ripping the movement apart until no one took them serious anymore and the infighting destroyed the „closed front“. The 1% adopted that strategy and guess who’s now defending mass migration (not migration in general, unchecked, unselective, unconditional mass migration) as something everyone will benefit from without having any precedent while the ppl who have to actually live with the consequences beg to differ. Maybe you being a citizen of a country with almost half the citizens of cities like London and having a relatively strict immigration policy is not in a position to tell people what’s going on when it comes to this.

    ps.: you posting a broken link and still gloating about, trying to frame it as an "own", really fits the picture.

    Viking_Hippie ,

    You: spouts bullshit

    Me: corrects bullshit with little to no insults

    You: more bullshit

    Me: more corrections with little to no personal insults

    Repeat ad nauseaum

    Me: tries to indirectly tell you to fuck off by pointing out that you’re protecting wildly, succeeds in comparison to broken link instead

    You: See? You have nothing but ad hominems, idiot!

    🙄🤦

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    ya, ok, keep doing your thing while ignoring everything ppl say to you by pretending you're right about everything because you say so - i hope it works out for you and may your daughters marry well :)

    Viking_Hippie ,

    There goes that projection again. Have the day you deserve.

    orrk ,

    Dude, they STILL go on about that one crime gang that the migrants did the Cologne new years thing in 2014, even tho they were here before the migrants.

    Every time I say “we need more workers in Germany, we literally have hundreds of thousands of open positions unfilled” I have to hear that shit…

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    germany has taken in over a million migrants in since 2015, how is it possible that so many jobs are still open? following your logic the unemployment rate must be in the low single digit percent, meanwhile there are talks to foce ppl to work longer ..

    orrk ,

    yes, the unemployment rate is about 5%, this is considered “full employment” because there are always the people who can’t work for whatever reason, and you still have people switching jobs in there as well.

    And how is forcing people to work longer not a sign of a severe lack of workers? what makes more sense?: “we don’t need more people, we need to increase the size of the work force” or “we need more people, we need to increase the size of the work force”?

    what part of hundreds of thousands of open positions in every field currently being listed is difficult to understand? this doesn’t even cover the not-officially listed jobs, you even bring points showing the severe need for workers…

    mishimaenjoyer ,
    @mishimaenjoyer@kbin.social avatar

    The rate is rising again - +62k unemployed in just one month, Germany is on an economically downward spiral right now, closing major industry and losing it to other countries. The unemployment rate of migrants is 15% and rising, btw. The argument that there are so many positions open and Germany needs migrants to fill this position is one that i hear for over 20 years now and yet it never goes away. Also, you can‘t just put random ppl in random jobs because they‘re open right now, it‘s not the GDR anymore. Qualification is a major issue here.

    TWeaK ,

    Interesting comparison, but I don’t think the correlation is enough here. There’s every likelihood that the reduction in union membership and the reduction in pay are both the result of some other factor.

    Saying that though, unions are a good thing.

    bleistift2 ,

    Yay, correlation ≠ causation gang!

    persolb ,

    Especially since membership falls after pay.

    If this graph showed anything, it would be that unions members got paid less, and then they quit the union.

    Womble ,

    Especially given that union memberships mirrors but lags a few years behind the fall in income share.

    Okiedokie ,

    Was going to note that too. I suspect workers are not willing to participate in unions because unions are less able to deliver higher pay (which is a big disincentive for participation). This could be a result of changing labour laws which reduce the fundamental efficacy of unions but regardless the outcome is lower willingness to participate.

    RupeThereItIs ,

    IDK let’s see.

    Other countries finally starting to pull out of the rubble of ww2.

    The massive influx of the baby boomers into the workforce devaluing labor. Couple this with boomer women demanding jobs instead of being house wives, further adding to supply of available labor.

    Come 1980 we add in trickle down economics which encourages the hoarding of wealth.

    Then there’s computerization, automation and globalization that have been rapidly bringing up per capital productivity. Weirdly this devalues labor, because you need fewer people.

    That’s just off the top of my head.

    Unions are important and can be a force for good, but the data doesn’t fully support the claim.

    Simple solutions to complex problems are usually being sold as a way to manipulate people… Don’t buy in to simple solutions.

    TWeaK ,

    It was around the 70s that the key shift likely happened. This is where productivity (I think measured in money) continued to grow while wages stagnated. So showing some time before this would be beneficial.

    The chart also only plots union membership from 1973. Given the US’ history of unions, I think it would be far more interesting to go back to 1900, in particular to track membership numbers across events like the Battle of Blair Mountain 1921.

    In general this graph seems to show a nice correlation but really doesn’t dig in enough to say anything meaningful.

    Omniraptor , (edited )

    Looks like turnaround was in the 1950s, start of the cold war and the rise of anticommunism as organizing principle domestically as well as abroad, combined with free trade policies that let us exploit foreign workers- by suppressing their own unions with tactics that to put it mildly wouldn’t fly in the United States (aka imperialism)

    www.epi.org/…/unions-decline-inequality-rises/

    Hnazant ,

    I just got my second cola this year from my union.

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