If the Google download link supports it, it should be fairly resistant to interruptions. If it doesn’t, this might not help much, but you should still use this instead of just a browser.
I haven’t tried to download a Google takeout, so you might need to get clever with how you add the download link to it.
If you just can’t get it to work, you can try getting the browser extension to automatically send all downloads to Motrix. There is some setup required, though: