Taxes are less of an issue. Airbnbs pay proper taxes, too, both occupancy tax and in some cities a registration fee along with it. I have no idea if they pay less taxes per guest than hotels, but they do collect occupancy tax like hotels. Not sure if they also have all the other local/city taxes that get tacked onto hotel rooms, though. Maybe?
The issue is people are buying houses that could be a home to someone living on the island full time, but those houses are rented to tourists. The islands are small, so it’s not like they can just build a bunch more houses for locals. And even if they did, the demand for tourist housing is higher than the number of rooms available so those new houses would just get rented too. So you can charge all the taxes you want, but it won’t make up for a lack of housing for locals.
What is clear is that hotels are not catering to the desires of traveling families. People usually aren’t renting houses through Airbnb because they are cheaper than hotels. They are renting because they are way more comfortable when you have more than a few people, either a family of 4 or multiple families together. Parents can get their own bedroom to change clothes in, have sex in, whatever without their kids being around. Kids get their own room so the parents don’t have to deal with them. Couples can get separate rooms from other couples when traveling together but still have a shared space to hang out and watch movies/drink together. They can also be cheaper per room if you look at getting multiple hotel rooms for a group of people, but not always. There just aren’t very many hotels with large spaces like that. The ones that do are called presidential suites and cost $4000 per night.