I haven’t tried this myself, but do you happen to know exactly which model of MacBook you have?
I did some searching and found a (very old) Debian Wiki article saying that the MacBook 1,1 and 2,1 require 32-bit UEFI, and in the case of the 2,1, this is despite the CPU being 64-bit. Though that’s unlikely to be the case here given that those Ubuntu variants reach the boot screen.