Sorry I’m late to the party: your disk is still using DOS/MBR layout, but you’re trying to use UEFI
Unfortunately MBR disks don’t work with UEFI. This tracks with the partition type, since fsck is treating it like ext2 (the suggested filesystem for /boot sector) instead of vfat/FAT32 (the suggested filesystem for the Efi System Partition).
First thing I would try is forcing fsck to treat /efi as vfat, since it kept defaulting to ext2. That will tell us if you’ve got the filesystem as vfat and fsck is wrong or if it’s actually corrupted. If it’s not corrupted, you should roll back the changes and follow a different guide that mentions changing from MBR (Master Boot Record) to GPT (GUID Partition Table). If it is corrupted, I’m gonna guess you tried to change the filesystems without removing the original fs first, thinking you could outsmart the computer and avoid temporarily relocating your files (speaking from experience). In that case your only hope would be disk forensics software. Best bet would be to salvage what you can, then change the disk type.
Unfortunately changing the disk type is not as easy as changing filesystems, the part of the disk that tells the PC where the files are located is the thing that’s being rewritten, so that operation does “erase” the disk (all the bits are still physically there, but the PC doesn’t know where they’re located). You’ll want to do a full backup of all your /usr /bin /root /lib /home /etc and anything else necessary to get your system back to how you like with all your important files, then change the partioning scheme to GPT and, hey, since it’s now a blank disk anyway, might as well treat it as a fresh install of Arch to avoid further headaches.