For the purposes of what is going on: one government attacked another government, leading to retaliation. In both cases, civillians were predominantly targeted.
Hamas are terrorists, no doubts about it. But they are also the government of Gaza. And the Israeli Government/IDF/Mossad have been engaging in a slow genocide of a people in what amounts to a concentration camp for decades.
There are no “good guys” in this war. And it is a war. And, like in all wars, it is the civilians who suffer. The Israelis and tourists who were viciously attacked and brutalized. And the Palestinians being used as human shields by Hamas.
And… that is also why a “two state solution” is off the table. Because it will just mean Hamas becomes legitimized and consolidates their power.
But… there is also no situation where the Palestinians survive under the Israeli government.