This seems more like a result of the Jeep engineering being shared with numerous manufacturers during WWII to meet production needs. It kind of became “open source” (except AMC charged for it), plus Japan had engineered their own utility vehicle before WWII (Kurogane 95), and really, the requirements for that type of vehicle would lead to very similar results anyway. Just look at the (stereotypically weird) French V15, or the GAZ (forget the model) which also predates the Jeep (though the GAZ was a car), or the Kubelwagon.
Re-badging is typically when the same platform is used as different models across sister brands, rather than same engineering used by separate companies.
GM and Ford did a LOT of re-badging in the 50’s - 70’s (Camaro/Firebird for example, and Cadillac was the same chassis as Chevy with a lot of bells and whistles added), and then the 80’s with Japanese companies they partnered/heavily invested in (Plymouth Arrow and Duster were Mitsu, and 1980’s Plymouth/Chrysler small pickups were too, if my memory is right).
Mitsubishi and Chrysler had a number of these - Conquest/Starion, Talon/Eclipse, and quite a few others I can’t think of at the moment. Ford bought a controlling interest in Mazda, so we have things like the Mazda B2000/Ford Ranger pickup.
Ooh, just remembered another term used for these (American/Japanese) cars - “captive imports”.
Guess it really depends on how you want to look at or talk about them.
Maybe there’s another, better term for how the Jeep engineering was licensed to other companies.