Countries seeking to develop their industry often impose import tariffs to force domestic companies to supply those goods. This “import substitution” strategy isn’t guaranteed to work; often, the domestic firms become complacent and just keep producing shoddy products. But the one region of the world where it’s arguably worked, in recent history, is East Asia. There are several examples of protected Asian firms becoming quite good, eventually turning into globally competitive champions.
Ironically, US sanctions serve essentially the same function as import tariffs (in fact, import bans). It would be funny if it ended up creating competitive Chinese lithography machine manufacturers, etc.