I suspect future models are going to have to put some more focus on learning using techniques more like what humans use, and on cognition.
Like, compared to a human these language models need very large quantities of text input. When humans are first learning language they get lots of visual input along with language input, and can test their understanding with trial-and-error feedback from other intelligent actors. I wonder if perhaps those factors greatly increase the rate at which understanding develops.
Also, humans tend to cogitate on inputs while ingesting them during learning. So if the information in new inputs disagrees with current understanding, those inputs are less likely to affect current understanding (there’s a whole ‘how to change your mind’ thing here that is necessary for people to use, but if we’re training a model on curated data that’s probably less important for early model training).
I don’t know details of how model training works, but it would be interesting to know if anyone is using a progressive learning technique where the model that is being trained is used to judge new training data before it is used as a training input to update the model’s weights. That would be kind of like how children learn by starting with very simple words and syntax and building up conceptual understanding gradually. I’d assume so, since it’s an obvious idea, but I haven’t heard about it.