Languages with dynamic typing and implicit large-integer types, such as Python and Ruby, generally just convert to that large-integer type.
I figured Java would probably define the behavior in the JVM, but based on a quick web search it sounds like it probably doesn’t by default, but does provide library methods to add or subtract safely.
Rust guarantees a panic by default, but provides library methods for wrapping, saturating, and unchecked (i.e. unsafely opting back in to undefined behavior).