In the past, these were just called remixes and were really common to find on b-sides of singles or deluxe editions of albums.
The two artists to really push it in the mainstream that I can think of, ironically, are Kanye West and Taylor Swif. Two of the most popular artists of the past few decades have made a big showing of a “living album,” one that exists digitally, centrally, and whose tracks can be changed really at anytime. I think that’s where most of the smaller artists you see putting out alternate versions of their songs post-release have gotten their inspiration from