As @FuglyDuck said, you’re building a greenhouse. Nearly all sunlight that gets through the glass will contribute to heating up what’s inside, and none of the heat will be able to get out. The major reason for the greenhouse effect is that there’s no way for hot air to escape.
Under an open sky, the sun heats up the ground, the ground heats up the air, and the hot air gets blown away by wind and rises through convection, being replaced by colder air from surrounding areas. An equilibrium is reached when the air takes away the same amount of heat per second as the sunlight brings in. But in a greenhouse: the sun heats up the ground, the ground heats up the air, and the air is trapped. It has nowhere to go, so everything continues to get hotter and hotter. The air heats up the glass walls and roof of the greenhouse (the sun helps with that too), until the walls are hot enough to expel all the heat that’s brought in by the sun, in the same way as the non-greenhouse ground would. The end result is that the inside of the greenhouse is way hotter than the outside.
Note that this has very little to do with what chemicals the air is made up of. Even if the gas inside the greenhouse has a “sun blocking effect”, it would still have to absorb all that energy from the sun, and that heat would still be inside the greenhouse.