For shells (and other programs) using GNU readline for interactions and line-edits (like bash), some of this can be achieved with an ~/.inputrc configuration file, e.g., mapping the correct key sequence for your terminal emulator to the backward-word move command. You can look up these sequences using infocmp -L1 or interactively using sed -n l.
Most other shells use their own command line handling routines and configuration though, so this won’t work for e.g., zsh or fish.