Apologies for being defensive, I accept that I am in the wrong here - I had to assume the worst owning to the silent-toxicity through down-votes, because they’ve assumed internally that I’ve called their favorite distro just the “same” as the distro that they probably hate.
A “traditional” Linux follows a FHS build, comes with a general package manager that is usually centralized, and can have one version of a program. You can only have one version of a particular program for the given OS version, and may have to use tools like venv or asdf to use older versions. Examples include Debian and Fedora, as well as it’s derivatives. These traditional distros come with profiles, or flavours, like KDE, GNOME, or some other desktop environment.
GoboLinux is the original Linux OS that deviated from the FHS layout. With this, now you could have multiple versions of the same applications alongside, without having conflicts. ClearLinux (from Intel) and CachyOS (independent) are distros that build optimized binaries. I’ve not delved much into either of them, but I would like to think that having a tuned distro is quite nice.
Henceforth here, most of the distros can be called as meta-distibutions. These are distros that are a little “flexible” when it comes to installing. There’s no pre-defined profiles and flavours, but this also means that you have control over what you can choose to install. Examples include Arch, Void, Gentoo and their derivatives.
Of these, Gentoo (back then - this does not hold true today) and Void are special in the sense that they came with the most barebone stuff, and you had to use their tooling to build Linux, as well as the entire desktop and application from scratch. I am not sure who the target audience might be, but I’m assuming that most probably this includes people who don’t trust repositories or substitute servers.
NixOS and Guix are functional, transactional and declarative distros that provides you with isolation via ephemeral shells - which can be either pure or impure, store-based file layout (hash, followed by package name and version) and the option to host containers and virtual machines within the OS as a neat in-built feature. Each time you “build”, you create your own distro generation, based on your own config, with the option to switch between them, without having to reboot. The store-based file layout was probably an inspiration from GoboLinux.
SerpentOS is a new experimental OS in development - from what I know, these folks have embraced memory-safe languages for their tools. Another cool features is that the packaging it is quite nice and uses the well-known YAML format, as an alternative to Arch’s PKGBUILD or Fedora’s spec. There’s a lot of experimental stuff that I am not following, but it also shares some features with immutable distros. T2 SDE (not T2Linux, my bad) is another such meta-distro that I am aware of, but I haven’t delved into it. It is being developed by Rene Rebe. There’s also other cool distros, like for example Bedrock Linux, or Slackware, but I don’t follow them a lot, so I can’t speak for them.