ExFAT is the LCD filesystem for flash sticks. FAT32 is the filesystem that you have to use for devices designed before Microsoft was awful about Exfat licensing.
Everywhere else, Btrfs. If Oracle didn’t poison-pill ZFS licensing and it was common on Linux, I would be using that instead. Basically, taking it on faith that a drive didn’t fuck up your data is crazy. The most basic responsibility for a filesystem should be ensuring that “the files come out exactly the same as when they went in”.