Some answers address some of your questions, I would like to address something else you said:
For programs they will always end up on / and I cant install them on another partition (dont know why)
Programs can certainly be installed wherever you want them to, bit package managers have their own folder structure to follow. Installing a program is not a magical thing, it just means having the binary somewhere on your computer, and that binary having the proper libraries accessible to it. If you downloaded a binary it is TECHNICALLY installed on your computer.
The other important part here is you being able to access that program, for this there is an environment variable balled PATH which tells Linux where to look for binaries and in what order. So if your PATH is /home/sarmsle/.bin:/media/NTFS/binaries:/bin:/usr/bin whenever you try to run for example firefox it will try to run /home/sarmale/.bin/firefox if that doesn’t exist, it goes to the next, and the next until it finds it or runs out of options.
Also in Linux you can mount partitions anywhere, and you can create links from one place to another. So nothing prevents you from mounting your NTFS drive in /NTFS or even /home/sarmale/Shared.