If you resize the partition? No, the UUID gets allocated when the partition is created and stays the same for the lifetime of the partition. It only changes if you explicitly change it manually. Which is something that’s only needed very rarely.
For example I had to do it when I migrated my root disk to a larger SSD by cat-ing the entire disk to the new one and I wanted to keep both connected for a while (so I can boot into the old one in case anything went wrong). I had to change the UUID of the partition on the new disk but I still ran into some obscure grub issues and had to boot a system rescue live stick into the new disk to update grub properly. Overall it’s not a very good idea, in the future I think I’ll stick to rsync -avx root into the new partition.