Linux is commonly used in the communications systems, like on invidual radio “stations”. Propably used everywhere where high confidentiality and security is required.
Linux isn’t great in terms or high security. It isn’t bad but it does have a lot of CVEs. I imagine there is some highly compact and locked down OS used.
I’ve been using Silverblue and Universal Blue’s images for at least a couple of years now and although there were a couple of rare instances I had to manually intervene with my system due to issues, the experience is considerably better than a traditional distro.
Silverblue is so good, everything works perfectly out of the box on my hardware (Framework 13 AMD). I was worried I was going to forget how to do anything because it was so easy so I had to make a second partition and install OpenBSD
I could see for military applications that having the known quantity of a working piece of software that isn’t changing anymore and can be swapped as an entire unit is an advantage, especially if it doesn’t touch the internet in any capacity. But eventually you run out of people who know what to do if any changes need to be made.
For stuff that is still maintained but also legacy, military and contracting benefit from being a pretty insular community. Contractors are full of military retirees. What this does is give a pool of people who worked with the products for a very long time on one side who move over into maintaining them on the other, less knowledge is lost. It still happens and things must change eventually, but they manage to delay things where someone else like a bank might have a harder time when their knowledgeable employee leaves and they’re hiring people off the street.
I had an yearly experience with Nix, but I’m thinking that it is overhead for just a home PC system. You may have more pain with static linkage compared to benefits of Nix reproducability and flexibility. Now is a year I’m on the Fedora Silverblue and this one is a really good balance between complexity and usability.
Out of curiosity, what do you mean by “pain with static linkage”? If my links have broken in NixOS, it was always due to my inability / laziness to set things up correctly.
I have been using NixOS for my daily driver for about a year now, and while it has been a bit of a learning curve to set things up and heavily rewrite my dotfiles, the dependability and availability of packages has been nothing short of amazing. It feels a lot like the final destination for my distro hopping journey.
I use a lot of CLI tools and some system level hackage to get my keybindings just right, so when I tried out Silverblue I had to load in a lot of stuff through rpm-ostree, which was less than ideal. But if OP wants a rock solid system with Flatpak apps, I wholeheartedly second Silverblue.
I mean if you try to use anything like python packages or even try to build python from sources it is painful. The only way to create developer environment is to use something like nex develop shells and you need to care about passing to LD_LIBRARY_PATH all that you need. And nothing downloaded as a binary is not working… For example, if I’m working on a Java-maven project that includes maven-protobuf then it is not working for you because protoc binary for manylinux is made for a dynamic linkage… Overall developer experience is painful. And anything that is not in nixpkgs you cannot just download, build from source and use: you need to pack everything into packages with resolving all the dependencies by hands…
Thanks for clarifying! I can totally see where that sort of stuff can really mess things up.
My experience with development environments has been a bit better: Node works out of the box, no problem. For Ruby, the workflow took a little setting up (with bundix), but ended up working very reliably. For R, I actually enjoy that I can set up all my packages with home-manager and they get updated in my regular update cycle and it’s not a separate process altogether.
I dunno if I’d say any distro of Linux is really beginner friendly.
It takes quite a bit of learning the ins and outs of operating systems before Linux makes sense in any capacity.
If you’re just looking to run a few basic apps like discord/slack/teams/zoom, and run a browser, then sure, just about every distro can do that without trouble, and can be configured to be as “friendly” as Windows, with a few exceptions.
But anybody who wants to do intermediate/advanced stuff with little to no prior Linux knowledge? I’m not sure any distro is much easier than others. Again, with a few exceptions.
The exceptions are distros that are almost intentionally difficult to use, or that require a high level of competency with Linux before you can attempt to use it.
There’s always a learning curve, that learning curve is pretty much always pretty steep.
I’ve been using Linux for dedicated servers for a while and I don’t use Linux as a desktop environment, in no small part because despite having a fairly high level of competency with Linux, I don’t feel like I know enough to make Linux work for me instead of the other way around.
I have always wondered what advance is when ppl say Linux is difficult when you have to do something advance. Isn’t that the same for all oses? A os no matter what os (mac, android, Windows, iOS, linux) is difficult to use the first time. It doesn’t matter witch os it is everyone will have a hard time the first time until they learn how it works. Mac for example, it was extremely hard for me to find how to get to my root folder without using the terminal and when I told a friend about it who use mac didn’t they know either… I found out by accidently by miss clicking. Android depending on brand (what you had before) can also be annoying to use the first week or weeks until you have relearned.
Linux is the same, it isn’t more advance than windows or Mac the first time, it is all about learning how it works (most ppl build their Ikea furniture first and then read the manual) and windows and Linux in that regard is at least kinda similar because they don’t hide stuff as mac os does (you still ned a lot of knowledge to use windows too) and they are kinda alike, Mac is completely backwards in my opinion. I think everyone forgets how it was the first year they used a computer for the first time. Ppl laugh when studies shows that the younger generation do not know or do not understand the folder structure. It is all about experience and knowledge, if you know something exist then it is easier to find it.
The biggest problem i had using Linux for the first time was finding good alternatives for programs. And learning these new programs. You don’t have to use a terminal with most distros now days but it is a very nice and fast interface to use. It is also easier for everyone to learn and use because it is less dependent on what kind of environment you are in.
But I think we both are kinda agreeing with each other I just want to point out that all os are difficult the first time and you don’t have to make it harder than it is, linux is beginner friendly just like any other os.
Fedora has been my default choice for non-techies in my family the last couple of years and it has been glorious!
All they need is a browser with uBlock, maybe an email reader and LibreOffice. With Silverblue, eveything updates automatically, and upgrades between major versions is a one-click operation. Easy rollback gives me peace of mind.
All they need to know is where the Super key is located on the keyboard. When pressed, it shows the dock with all apps they use and all open windows. Double-tap the Super key and you see all apps, but that is usually not necessary.
I also use the built in remote desktop feature (RDP) in conjunction with a Wireguard connection to my home network. So nice and a joy to never have to fight teamviewer again 😝
Unless you’ve absolutely made the kernel or package manager unusable, there should be no need to reinstall an entire Linux OS. It’s not like Windows where the registry changes over time, and the OS will become unstable or quirky. It sounds like you just need to be more diligent about doing things in userspace.
For me it’s easier a lot of the time to just reformat and reinstall the OS than to troubleshoot every little problem as they arise. It’s great for learning and I’ve certainly learned a lot along the way but for my use case I just want this computer to work with my stuff right off the bat.
Anything done locally that only affects your user is userspace. Doing configuration changes in userspace versus globally will reduce the likelihood of you breaking something. So making changes in ~/.local, for example, instead of /usr/local.
That seems to be a common usage of the term, but strictly speaking, “userspace” is anything that’s not the kernel. This includes system-level programs, libraries and settings configured as “root” that can affect all users.
Affected your user and not the system as a whole, yes.
If you want to be a hyper technical dick like the other person responded, the old way to refer to the term “userspace” is basically anything that doesn’t affect the kernel, HOWEVER, it is now more commonly used to refer to specific local user settings, yes. The old reference was way before people starting writing things to be hyper-local to individual users, as things are arranged now.
It is in fact not that secure by default. It lacks a way to manage the desktop in mass. Not to mention is also lacks a firewall and selinux but those can be enabled. Also I wouldn’t trust the lock screen as it can be bypassed because it is Xorg.
Linux Mint is very good for general usage but I doubt its security in a military application. It is better than before which is good.
Firewall is pre-installed, and they offer to configure and enable it on launch (similar to Ubuntu and many other distros). I’ve never seen a Linux desktop they came with firewall preconfigured in any way.
The lock screen is an issue, and Cinnamon does not come with a Wayland way to lock yet. KDE, Gnome or some other Wayland friendly DE would be better in that regard, I agree
by swap them around i mean physically take the two drives out and put them in each others connectors. by interface i mean physical interface, like the plug or socket or slot they connect to the motherboard with.
the bios usually enumerates drives based on their position on the bus, so switching the connector they’re plugged into would fix the problem.
linux usually handles drives based on uuid, a unique identifier per device, so it wouldn’t mess up linux.
you didn’t specify if one was like a sata or esata or nvme and the other was different so i had to qualify “if theyre the same interface”.
Oh thanks. I swapped them, the new Drive doesn’t show in the boot menu but it is marked as a higher number than the the old one. Will windows install to the new drive?
The new drive probably doesn’t show in the boot menu because it doesnt have a partition table or anything.
Are both drives the same size? What I’m trying to figure out is would you be able to recognize when the windows installer is trying to install to the wrong drive.
Don’t look too deeply into this unless you’re comfortable discovering that the military and security state is a prolific contributor to many open source projects.
I use the ublue kinoite-main base image, not one of their very opinionated variants. It is best as a base, better than Fedoras (even though you need to trust Github 100%)
Local stuff in your home is persistent, and /etc is also persistent.
But we are working on that.
Bazzite has a ton of WINE stuff on the system, not really the “immutable small core” principle. At the same time they uninstall Firefox, while Flatpak Firefox does not support all things.
So I recommend to install Fedora Kinoite from the official website and follow the rebase guideline here at the bottom
I have experienced an issue sort of like that in the past, where my computer occasionally won’t do anything other than spin the fans, unless there’s a working connection to a monitor…
I’ve had trouble similar to this. Maybe someone else can give you more info, but I believe you have to install grub on the other ssd as well. Also, to prevent nuking, make your bootable flash drive with windows on it, and then pull your linux ssd out of the computer before booting from your flash drive and only have your ssd in it that you want windows on
IMHO you should first figure out what exactly happens/goes wrong with your Ubuntu installations.
Immutable distros might or might not be a solution, but if the core of the problem is really the quality of the Ubuntu updates for example, you could try to run Debian (stable).
But again, the suggestion to use Debian is throwing a solution in the room which might not fit your problem.
Just as a reference point: I am running Debian stable on Laptops, Netbooks, Raspberry Pis and in virtual machines (AMD64/AArch64) and have no weird bugs, everything works for years now and runs smooth.
Concerning the Steamdeck… I love them, they run perfectly fine, but unless you are tweaking them/do more than run games, you cannot really compare them to what happens on your desktop.
It sounds really strange, that you end up with the problems you described given your usage.
My systems are heavily modified/tweaked, so one would expect I would experience the problems you describe.
Given your usage, using an immutable distro sounds like a no-brainer to me, immutable Linux was created with your usage scenarios in mind.
In your shoes I would still try to pin point the root cause of the error, because in theory™ your usage should not be a problem for any of the mainstream Linux distros and we don’t know if an immutable distro solves your trouble.
Given your 6 montish circle it sounds like some kind of accumulation? If the computer runs stable for several month, IMHO you can rule out hardware problems, unless you have a kernel update every 6 months… :-P
Can you be more specific about your hardware, laptop model and Ubuntu version you are using?
If you ever figure out what happened, or if you try out an immutable distro and it runs for a year for you, give us an update! :-)
Right? I’ve had these issues with a Framework 13 AMD and have experienced these problems on Kubuntu 23.10, Ubuntu 22.04, and Kubuntu 24.04.
Otherwise the computer runs stably albeit certain flatpaks and snaps just stop working for some reason over time (like BambuStudio and Webcord and a Notion web wrapper and Kdenlive).
Your immutable distro will not be tailored to your hardware by a team of qualified and paid engineers. I’m not entirely sure why the heck do you think immutability is the differentiating factor here.
When the laptop is from Framework (like OP’s laptop is) and is one of the ‘supported’ distros, and if said distro has a more robust update scheme (related to its immutability), then, quite frankly, its as close to “tailored to your hardware by a team of qualified and paid engineers” as it gets.
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