What do you mean by “popular”? The workplace isn’t high school. Everyone is expected to reasonably get along professionally with everyone else. If someone is on good terms with everyone in the workplace, that’s good. If your coworker was asking you for help with something, even if she could do it alone, maybe she knew it would be more efficient for the workplace as a whole if the two of you did it together, maybe she respected your input on the way the task got done, or whatever, maybe she had a good reason. You’ve not given us a lot to go on here. Without knowing the whole story, this makes you sound unwilling to be a team player, and like you have some behavioural/anger issues. It really doesn’t sound like you handled this situation well at all. Your coworker would be well within her rights to go to HR over something like this.
Edit: as others have said, if you find you often have trouble containing these sorts of outbursts you should seek professional help, eg. therapy.