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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

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DATE:
November 23, 2023 at 09:00AM
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TITLE:
Psychedelic mushroom use linked to lower psychological distress in those with adverse childhood experiences
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/psychedelic-mushroom-use-linked-to-lower-psychological-distress-in-those-with-adverse-childhood-experiences-214690

<p>In a recent study conducted in Canada, researchers have uncovered a potentially promising connection between the use of psychedelic mushrooms and a reduction in psychological distress, particularly among individuals who have experienced adverse childhood experiences. The study was published in the <em><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.2023.2268640" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal of Psychoactive Drugs</a></em>.</p>
<p>Psilocybin, the compound responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of magic mushrooms, has been the subject of growing interest in recent years for its potential therapeutic applications. Previous research has suggested that psilocybin use might be associated with improved mental health, decreased suicidality, and reduced risk of various adverse outcomes.</p>
<p>The current study aimed to explore the relationship between psilocybin use and psychological distress, with a specific focus on individuals who had experienced adverse childhood experiences. ACEs, such as abuse, neglect, and exposure to violence, can have long-lasting negative effects on mental health. Understanding how psilocybin may impact individuals with a history of ACEs could provide valuable insights into its therapeutic potential.</p>
<p>&#8220;In recent years, we&#8217;ve seen the re-birth of psychedelic medicine and we did this study because we were particularly interested whether psilocybin, which is widely accessible, had potential benefits for people with adverse childhood experiences,&#8221; said study author <a href="https://www.sfu.ca/fhs/about/people/profiles/kiffer-card.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kiffer G. Card</a>, an assistant professor of health sciences at Simon Fraser University.</p>
<p>To conduct their research, the scientists recruited participants through online advertisements on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Reddit, as well as through email and other social media channels. The study focused on people living in Canada and aimed to explore the use of psilocybin in this context, where legal regulations surrounding its use are evolving.</p>
<p>In total, the study included 1,249 participants, with an average age of 39.8 years. The participants came from diverse backgrounds, with various gender identities, ethnicities, and sexual orientations.</p>
<p>The participants provided information about their demographics, such as age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, income, education, and disability status. They also reported their psilocybin use history, including when they last consumed it, the dosage levels, and their reasons for using it.</p>
<p>Participants also completed two key assessments: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Questionnaire assessed participants&#8217; experiences of childhood trauma, such as abuse, neglect, exposure to substance use, and domestic violence, while the Psychological Distress Scale (K6) measured the frequency of distressing symptoms, like nervousness, hopelessness, restlessness, depression, and worthlessness, experienced by participants in the past 30 days.</p>
<p>Participants who had used psilocybin in the past three months reported lower levels of psychological distress compared to those who had not used it during this period. This suggests that recent psilocybin use may be associated with a reduction in psychological distress.</p>
<p>Interestingly, the study found that the effect of psilocybin on reducing psychological distress was particularly pronounced among individuals who had experienced higher levels of adverse childhood experiences. In other words, psilocybin seemed to have a more significant impact on reducing distress in those with a history of childhood adversity.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>The study also showed that a significant proportion of participants had used psilocybin in their lifetime and expressed positive opinions about its benefits and safety. Many reported using it to address mental health and emotional challenges, indicating its potential as a self-help tool.</p>
<p>&#8220;The average person reading our study can see that there is promising potential for psilocybin as a therapeutic agent,&#8221; Card told PsyPost. &#8220;Of course, our study is only observational, but in the context of other experiments and studies it&#8217;s increasingly clear that individuals do benefit to some extent from using psilocybin. This is especially true for people with more severe exposures to childhood distress.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;The findings were not all that surprising to us, especially given the flood of other supporting studies on this topic that have come out in recent years. But we&#8217;re glad to be adding to the scientific evidence which is supportive of policy changes related to drug control and medical use of psilocybin and other psychedelic medicines.&#8221;</p>
<p>While these findings are promising, it&#8217;s important to note that the study has some limitations. The research relied on an online, non-representative sample, which could introduce bias. Additionally, the study was cross-sectional, meaning it couldn&#8217;t establish causal relationships between psilocybin use and reduced distress.</p>
<p>&#8220;The major caveat, as I noted, is the cross-sectional observational design of our study,&#8221; Card explained. &#8220;We rely on self-reported data from people who volunteered to participate in our study. However, the extent to which these limitations affect our results is not clear. Our findings are strongly aligned with many other studies that leverage a wide variety of other methodologies.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.2023.2268640">Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin for Treating Psychological Distress among Survivors of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Evidence on Acceptability and Potential Efficacy of Psilocybin Use</a>&#8220;, was authored by Kiffer G. Card, Ashmita Grewal, Kalysha Closson, Gina Martin, Laura Baracaldo, Sandra Allison, Daniel J. Kruger, and Zach Walsh.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

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DATE:
November 23, 2023 at 07:00AM
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TITLE:
What is the best way to give thanks? Study provides key insights
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/what-is-the-best-way-to-give-thanks-study-provides-key-insights-214678

<p>In the pursuit of happiness, gratitude has long been recognized as a powerful tool. Expressing gratitude can lead to improved social relationships, physical health, and psychological well-being, according to a wealth of research. However, a study published in <em><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42761-022-00150-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Affective Science</a></em> delved deeper into the dynamics of gratitude, specifically examining whether it&#8217;s more effective when kept private, shared one-to-one with a benefactor, or shared publicly on social media.</p>
<p>The study aimed to shed light on the impact of gratitude interventions in the digital age. It sought to answer whether digital expressions of gratitude have similar effects on well-being as traditional methods. The study also aimed to replicate and expand upon previous research to provide a clearer understanding of how gratitude can be harnessed for personal growth.</p>
<p>Gratitude, as defined in this study, involves recognizing positive outcomes in one&#8217;s life that stem from external sources. It&#8217;s a concept that has been extensively studied in the past, with various forms of gratitude interventions used to improve well-being.</p>
<p>Gratitude interventions typically take one of two primary forms. The first involves writing down things a person is grateful for, such as beautiful nature or good health. The second, known as the &#8220;gratitude visit,&#8221; requires participants to write and personally deliver a letter of gratitude to someone who has been especially kind to them. These interventions are designed to boost subjective well-being, which encompasses both positive and negative emotions and overall life satisfaction.</p>
<p>In their new study, Lisa C. Walsh of the University of California at Riverside and her colleagues sought to examine the social aspect of gratitude. The researchers recruited a diverse group of 916 undergraduate students from a large public university.</p>
<p>Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) writing a gratitude letter and not sharing it (private gratitude), (2) sharing gratitude with a benefactor via text (1-to-1 gratitude), (3) sharing gratitude with a benefactor on social media (public gratitude), or (4) tracking their daily activities (control).</p>
<p>Over the course of about a week, participants were asked to complete their assigned activity four times with different people as applicable. The researchers predicted that participants in any gratitude condition would experience improvements in various well-being outcomes compared to the control group. They also expected that sharing gratitude one-to-one might have the most significant impact, as private gratitude lacks social interaction, and public gratitude can have drawbacks like self-censorship.</p>
<p>The study found that participants in any of the gratitude conditions reported significant increases in gratitude, positive emotions, life satisfaction, elevation (a sense of optimism about humanity), connectedness, support, and decreased loneliness compared to the control group. These effects were relatively small but are considered meaningful, especially when accumulated over time.</p>
<p>One interesting finding was that the 1-to-1 gratitude condition, where participants shared gratitude with benefactors via text, showed the most significant increases in social connectedness and support. However, there were no significant differences in well-being outcomes between the various gratitude conditions, suggesting that all forms of expressing gratitude had a positive impact.</p>
<p>The study&#8217;s results provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of digital gratitude interventions in promoting well-being. These findings have practical implications, as digital gratitude interventions are easily scalable and can be implemented by individuals, teachers, researchers, coaches, therapists, and organizations.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>Despite the strengths of this study, it&#8217;s important to acknowledge some limitations. For example, the study mainly focused on college students, and its results may not generalize to the broader population. Additionally, the study did not investigate the long-term durability of the observed effects.</p>
<p>&#8220;Overall, the present study shows that digital gratitude interventions helped meaningfully improve students’ well-being—making students feel happier and more satisfied with their lives, as well as more socially connected and less lonely,&#8221; the researchers concluded. &#8220;&#8230; By examining how digital gratitude interventions do (or do not) affect well-being, we hope this study informs researchers and practitioners about how to cultivate and customize future well-being interventions. Namely, future studies could expand on our approach to determine whether such interventions are similarly beneficial in school districts, companies, governmental organizations, and health care settings. Because digital gratitude interventions can be easily implemented online and feasibly delivered to thousands of individuals, they present a potentially useful tool for both researchers and practitioners.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42761-022-00150-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What is the Optimal Way to Give Thanks? Comparing the Effects of Gratitude Expressed Privately, One-to-One via Text, or Publicly on Social Media</a>&#8220;, was authored by Lisa C. Walsh, Annie Regan, Jean M. Twenge, Sonja Lyubomirsky.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 07:10AM
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TITLE:
Dramatic Rise in Google Searches Related to "Climate Anxiety"
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175254&url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67473829?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science_and_environment/" rel="tag" target="_blank">BBC News - Science and Environment</a></p>Online search queries related to &quot;climate anxiety&quot; have risen, according to data gathered by Google. In the first 10 months of 2023, search queries in English around &quot;climate anxiety&quot; were 27 times higher than the same period in 2017. Climate anxiety&mdash;defined as feelings of distress about the impacts of climate change&mdash;has been reported globally, particularly among children and young people, and studies suggest women are more affected by it...</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 07:10AM
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TITLE:
Study Reveals Bias in AI Tools When Diagnosing Women's Health Issue
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175268&url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231120170925.htm

<div><p>Source: <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/" rel="tag" target="_blank">Science Daily - Top Health</a></p>Machine learning algorithms designed to diagnose a common infection that affects women, bacterial vaginosis, showed a diagnostic bias among ethnic groups, researchers have found. Although AI offers great potential for improving health care, it also risks perpetuating racial inequities. Published Friday in the Nature journal Digital Medicine, this is the first paper to evaluate fairness among AI tools in connection to a women's health issue.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 06:52AM
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TITLE:
Trans Women Banned From Playing International Women's Cricket
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175237&url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/67470009?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/" rel="tag" target="_blank">BBC News - Top Headlines</a></p>Transgender women have been barred from playing in international women's matches under new regulations from the International Cricket Council. Any player who has gone through male puberty will not be eligible for women's internationals regardless of any surgery or treatment undertaken. The governing body said its new policy, which takes effect immediately, was based on &quot;protection of the integrity of the women's game, safety, fairness and...</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 03:37AM
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TITLE:
South African Leader Accuses Israel of War Crimes Similar to Genocide
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175251&url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/putin-xi-secretary-general-gutteres-attend-virtual-meeting-105057713

<div><p>Source: <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/international" rel="tag" target="_blank">ABC News - International</a></p>South African President Cyril Ramaphosa accused Israel of war crimes and acts &quot;tantamount to genocide&quot; in Gaza during a virtual meeting Tuesday of leaders of developing countries, including Russia's Vladimir Putin and China's Xi Jinping. Ramaphosa also condemned Hamas for its attack on Israeli civilians that sparked the war in Gaza and said both sides were guilty of violating international law.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 02:00PM
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TITLE:
New research suggests babies start learning language before birth
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/new-research-suggests-babies-start-learning-language-before-birth-214634

<p>Newborn babies may begin their journey toward language acquisition even before they are born, according to a study recently published in <em><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj3524" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Science Advances</a></em>. Researchers at the University of Padova found evidence that exposure to language in the womb can shape the neural activity of infants, potentially influencing their language learning abilities later in life.</p>
<p>Previous studies have shown that unborn babies can start hearing sounds outside of their mother&#8217;s body by around seven months of gestation. They can recognize their mother&#8217;s voice and even pick up on the rhythms and melodies of speech heard while in the womb. However, the specific impact of language exposure before birth on a newborn&#8217;s brain had remained unclear.</p>
<p>In a study led by Benedetta Mariani and her colleagues, 33 newborns with native French-speaking mothers were monitored using encephalography (EEG) shortly after birth. The infants were exposed to French, English, and Spanish versions of the children&#8217;s story, &#8220;Goldilocks and the Three Bears,&#8221; as the researchers measured their neural activity.</p>
<p>To track the brain&#8217;s response to language, the researchers placed caps with electrodes on the newborns&#8217; heads, targeting areas associated with auditory and speech perception. The study included periods of silence before and after the language exposure, allowing the researchers to compare the effects of language stimulation on the infants&#8217; brain activity.</p>
<p>The key finding of the study was that newborns who listened to French last exhibited increased long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) in their brain oscillations. These LRTCs are associated with speech perception and processing. In other words, exposure to the French language shortly after birth had a measurable impact on the infants&#8217; neural activity.</p>
<p>The researchers used a method called detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to measure the strength of LRTCs in the infants&#8217; brain activity. They observed that LRTCs were enhanced specifically in the theta band, which is associated with syllable-level speech units. This finding aligns with the idea that infants&#8217; brains are attuned to the linguistic elements they were exposed to in utero.</p>
<p>Furthermore, the study investigated whether the impact of language exposure was specific to the language heard prenatally. Infants who listened to French showed a significant increase in LRTCs after exposure, while those exposed to Spanish or English did not exhibit the same effect. This suggests that prenatal language experience plays a role in shaping infants&#8217; neural responses to language.</p>
<p>&#8220;Together, these results provide the most compelling evidence to date that language experience already shapes the functional organization of the infant brain, even before birth,&#8221; the researchers wrote. &#8220;Exposure to speech leads to rapid but lasting changes in neural dynamics, enhancing LRTCs and thereby increasing infants’ sensitivity to previously heard stimuli. This facilitatory effect is specifically present for the language and the frequency band experienced prenatally. These results converge with observations of increased power in the electrophysiological activation of the newborn brain after linguistic stimulation and suggest that the prenatal period lays the foundations for further language development.&#8221;</p>
<p>While the study provides compelling evidence that language experience can shape the organization of the infant brain before birth, it&#8217;s important to note that this impact is not deterministic. Children exposed to different languages or those with limited prenatal language exposure can still acquire language later in life.</p>
<p>The study&#8217;s findings shed light on the remarkable capacity of newborns to learn and process language quickly, even before they enter the world. The research also suggests that the human brain may already be optimized for efficient language processing, underpinning the impressive language learning abilities observed in infants.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>This study opens the door to future research to explore whether similar neural dynamics occur in response to exposure to other auditory stimuli, such as music, during pregnancy, and how these early experiences influence cognitive development in newborns.</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj3524" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Prenatal experience with language shapes the brain</a>&#8220;, was authored by Benedetta Mariani, Giorgio Nicoletti, Giacomo Barzon Maria Clemencia Ortiz Barajas, Mohinish Shukla, Ramón Guevara, Samir Simon Suweis, and Judit Gervain.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

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DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 12:00PM
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TITLE:
Dreams of teeth falling out? Here’s what they might mean, according to scientific research
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/dreams-of-teeth-falling-out-heres-what-they-might-mean-according-to-scientific-research-214662

<p>Have you ever had a dream where your teeth were falling out? If so, you&#8217;re not alone. These dreams, known as &#8220;teeth dreams&#8221; are quite common. But have you ever wondered why so many people have them? A study published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01812"><em>Frontiers in Psychology</em></a> sought to uncover the reasons behind these peculiar dreams and found a connection to dental irritation during sleep.</p>
<p>Teeth dreams, such as those where your teeth fall out, break, or rot, are among the most prevalent dream themes experienced by people. In fact, about 39% of respondents in <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-26977-001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a previous study</a> reported having had teeth dreams at least once. Teeth dreams have puzzled researchers because they don&#8217;t seem to align with the &#8220;continuity hypothesis,&#8221; which suggests that our dreams are influenced by our waking concerns and experiences.</p>
<p>Over the years, various interpretations have been proposed for teeth dreams, ranging from symbolic meanings to psychological distress. Some believed that these dreams were prophetic, signaling the impending death of a family member, while others thought they represented sexual elements or fears of growing older. However, until now, there was limited empirical research on the subject.</p>
<p>&#8220;I thought it was quite enigmatic that one of the most universally prevalent dreams (teeth falling out) depicted an experience that rarely describes the experiences of adults in real life,&#8221; explained study author Nirit Soffer-Dudek, the director of <a href="https://soffern.wixsite.com/soffer-dudek-lab-bgu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Consciousness and Psychopathology Laboratory</a> at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. &#8220;Thus, the continuity principle of dreaming (the fact that we dream about what occupies our mind in waking) could not be a central explanation for these dreams, and another principle had to be identified as an explanation.&#8221;</p>
<p>This investigation, part of a larger study on dissociation and related constructs, involved 210 participants, mostly college students (age range: 18–28). The researchers administered questionnaires to assess various factors, including dream themes, psychological distress, dental irritation, and sleep quality. Of particular interest were two aspects of dental irritation: teeth grinding during sleep and the sensation of teeth tension or tenderness upon awakening.</p>
<p>The researchers used the Dream Motif Scale (DMS), which consisted of 100 dream themes measured on a 5-point scale to assess the lifetime frequency of experiencing particular dream content. They focused on four items, including the one related to teeth dreams. To measure psychological distress, the researchers employed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), a comprehensive 53-item survey that evaluated various psychological symptoms experienced by participants in the past month.</p>
<p>Additionally, they utilized the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality over the previous month, including the presence of sleep disturbances. The study also included self-report questions related to dental irritation, specifically teeth grinding during sleep and sensations of teeth tension upon awakening, as well as their frequency in the past month.</p>
<p>The researchers found a significant connection between teeth dreams and dental irritation, specifically teeth tension upon waking. This means that people who experienced dreams of their teeth falling out were more likely to report sensations of tenderness or tension in their teeth, gums, or jaws when they woke up.</p>
<p>The findings indicate &#8220;that dreams reflect not only psychological processes but also physical ones, and that dreams of teeth falling out, especially if coupled with a sense of jaw discomfort in the morning, may reflect the presence of teeth grinding in one&#8217;s sleep,&#8221; Soffer-Dudek told PsyPost.</p>
<p>Interestingly, this correlation was not observed with teeth grinding, even though it is commonly associated with dental irritation. The researchers suggested that many individuals may be unaware of their teeth grinding during sleep but become conscious of dental stimulation following sensations around the oral cavity upon awakening.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>Moreover, the study revealed that teeth dreams were not related to psychological distress or sleep quality, debunking the idea that these dreams are primarily driven by psychological concerns.</p>
<p>The lack of a connection between teeth dreams and psychological distress came as a surprise. &#8220;I thought we would find a stronger correlation between dreams of teeth falling out and psychological distress,&#8221; Soffer-Dudek said.</p>
<p>This finding challenges the traditional view that dreams of teeth falling out are symbolic representations of psychological turmoil. Instead, the study suggests that these dreams may have a physical basis, rather than being purely symbolic of psychological symptoms.</p>
<p>While the study provides valuable insights into the enigma of teeth dreams, it also has its limitations. The study&#8217;s sample primarily consisted of college students, which could potentially limit the generalizability of the findings to other populations. Additionally, the assessment of dental irritation relied on self-report measures, which may not always be entirely accurate.</p>
<p>&#8220;This was a preliminary, cross-sectional study and the effect size was modest,&#8221; Soffer-Dudek explained. &#8220;Thus, replications are needed as well as longitudinal studies. Also, the modest effect size means that jaw and teeth discomfort explained only a bit of the variance in such dreams, so there remains much to be explained. Finally, we need studies on samples with dental issues to shed more light on these mechanisms.&#8221;</p>
<p>Future research in this intriguing field could involve larger and more diverse samples, encompassing a broader range of age groups and backgrounds. Researchers might also explore other physical sensations, such as gum soreness, toothaches, or even dental procedures, to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between dream themes and physical discomfort during sleep.</p>
<p>In summary, the study conducted by researchers at Ben-Gurion University has made significant strides in unraveling the mystery of teeth dreams. While the exact mechanisms behind these dreams are not yet fully understood, the findings suggest that they may have a physical basis related to dental irritation, rather than solely representing symbolic expressions of psychological distress.</p>
<p>So, the next time you find yourself in the midst of a teeth dream, take a moment to reflect on how your teeth feel when you wake up – there could very well be a connection between the vivid images in your dreams and the physical sensations in your mouth. This study reminds us that dreams, even the most peculiar ones, can offer intriguing insights into the complex relationship between our bodies and our subconscious minds.</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01812/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dreams of Teeth Falling Out: An Empirical Investigation of Physiological and Psychological Correlates</a>&#8220;, was authored by Naama Rozen and Nirit Soffer-Dudek.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

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DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 10:00AM
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TITLE:
Romantic jealousy uniquely predicts women’s efforts to enhance their physical appearance
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/romantic-jealousy-uniquely-predicts-womens-efforts-to-enhance-their-physical-appearance-214664

<p>According to a new study published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049231185782"><em>Evolutionary Psychology</em></a>, romantic jealousy predicts a positive attitude toward cosmetic surgery, willingness to use tanning and diet pills, and greater financial investment in appearance, indicating jealousy’s unique role in women&#8217;s efforts to enhance their physical appearances.</p>
<p>Mate retention is the act of retaining one’s relationship through intra- or inter-sexual manipulation. Appearance enhancement could be one way of retaining a partner; these efforts can range from choice of clothing to more transformative measures like cosmetic surgery. Notably, women in committed relationships are more inclined toward appearance enhancement for mate retention compared to those in less committed relationships.</p>
<p>But what predicts these efforts? Researchers Steven Arnocky and colleagues examined the role of jealousy in appearance enhancement, while accounting for envy–a closely related but distinct emotion. Jealousy, centering the threatened loss of a valued relationship, differs from envy, which revolves around feeling disadvantaged next to the quality or resources of others.</p>
<p>A total of 189 undergraduate women, averaging 20-years-old, were recruited from Nipissing University in Canada. Approximately half of the participants were in committed relationships, averaging a one-year duration. Participants completed various measures. The Multidimensional Jealousy Scale gauged cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of jealousy. The Dispositional Envy Scale assessed participants’ perceived inferiority, feelings of injustice, and frustrations related to others’ advantages.</p>
<p>Attitude toward cosmetic surgery was measured via the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. Participants indicated the proportion of their income they allocate toward products and services targeting appearance enhancement, on a scale of 0 to 100% (at 10% intervals). Lastly, participants rated their degree of interest in using a free tanning membership or using diet pills despite awareness of its serious health side effects. A control risk-taking item assessed for participants’ willingness to paint in an unventilated room.</p>
<p>The study revealed that dispositional envy was a significant predictor of various appearance enhancement behaviors, with the exception of spending on appearance, and facial cosmetic use. Even when accounting for envy, jealousy emerged as a predictor of a positive attitude toward cosmetic surgery, spending projection, willingness to use diet pills and a free tanning membership, but not facial cosmetics.</p>
<p>Notably, jealousy was not predictive of painting in an unventilated room, suggesting jealous women are not more prone to risk taking generally, but that at least in this study’s context, jealousy is uniquely related to appearance enhancement. Envy and jealousy were moderately correlated, which to the researchers’ knowledge, may be the first statistical demonstration of the association between these constructs.</p>
<p>A limitation of the study is the predominantly Caucasian sample, and relatively narrow age of participants (17-37 years). To enhance the generalizability of the findings, future research should explore whether similar patterns emerge in more diverse samples, encompassing various ethnicities, age groups, socioeconomic statuses, and sexual orientations.</p>
<p>The study, “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049231185782">Women&#8217;s Romantic Jealousy Predicts Risky Appearance Enhancement Effort</a>”, was authored by Steven Arnocky, Megan MacKinnon, Sadie Clarke, Grant McPherson, and Emily Kapitanchuk.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

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DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 08:00AM
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TITLE:
Brains of women at risk for depression are more active when processing criticism
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/brains-of-women-at-risk-for-depression-are-more-active-when-processing-criticism-214665

<p>A neuroimaging study involving women with high levels of neuroticism revealed that their brain’s default mode network becomes more active following criticism, but not after they hear praise, compared to the brains of women with average levels of neuroticism. This increase in activity, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule, may indicate a tendency towards rumination. The study was published in the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad032"><em>Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience</em></a>.</p>
<p>The default mode network is a network of brain regions that is active when the mind is at rest and not focused on the outside world. It is associated with internal processes such as spontaneous cognition, mind-wandering, thinking about oneself in the past and future, and about relations with others. Its activity can also be indicative of rumination &#8211; the tendency to repetitively dwell on distressing thoughts or problems. Rumination may lead to overthinking and a prolonged focus on negative emotions. It can predict the onset or exacerbate symptoms of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, or eating disorders.</p>
<p>Additionally, the default mode network plays a crucial role in various cognitive functions, including memory consolidation, social processing, and constructing a sense of self. Dysregulation of the default mode network has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The default mode network primarily spans across the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and parts of the parietal cortex regions of the brain.</p>
<p>Study author Tina Chou and her colleagues wanted to investigate whether activation patterns of the default mode network differ between individuals who are at a heightened risk for depression, but have not yet developed it. They selected females with high levels of neuroticism to represent this group. Neuroticism is a personality trait that reflects an individual&#8217;s tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, and sadness. People high in neuroticism are more prone to emotional instability, mood swings, and a heightened sensitivity to stressors.</p>
<p>The study included 25 women with high neuroticism levels, placing them in the top 20% for this trait, and 28 women with average neuroticism levels. None of the participants had a history of mood or anxiety disorders or were using psychotropic medications. Their average age was 20-21 years, and they had approximately 14 years of education on average.</p>
<p>Participants underwent assessments for neuroticism (using the NEO-FFI) and rumination (using the Ruminative Responses Scale of the Response Styles Questionnaire). They also participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions. During these sessions, they listened to a series of comments, derived from remarks made by mothers of individuals with depression and borderline personality disorder, adapted for the study. These comments, lasting 30 seconds each, were a mix of criticism and praise.</p>
<p>Examples of critical comments include phrases such as “one of the things that bothers me about you is that you’re not very considerate of other people. You can be very self-involved at times. […] It’s all about you and what you need.&#8221; Praise comments included phrases such as “one of the things that I really like about you is your sense of humor. It’s not that you’re always telling jokes or anything like that. But you can be really, really funny.&#8221; The researchers instructed participants to imagine that those comments were said to them by someone who is really important in their lives.</p>
<p>Results showed that participants high in neuroticism (i.e., at a heightened risk of depression) showed greater activity in two regions of the default mode network compared to females with average neuroticism levels. These areas were medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule. When hearing praises, default mode networks of participants from the two groups reacted similarly. Additionally, activation in the left inferior parietal lobule was associated with rumination in the high neuroticism group, but not in the average neuroticism group.</p>
<p>&#8220;Overall, our results suggest that individuals at risk for depression may use a self-referential brain network when preferentially processing negative, rather than positive, information. This form of biased processing is associated with ruminative thoughts and may reflect an underlying neurocognitive vulnerability for later depression. Future treatments targeting the medial prefrontal cortex or the inferior parietal lobule could serve as a preventative intervention for individuals at risk for depression,&#8221; the study authors concluded.</p>
<p>The study sheds light on differences in brain responses of individuals with high and average neuroticism. However, it should be noted that neuroticism is not the only risk factor of depression. The control group members could have had other depression risk factors that were not assessed. Additionally, the study samples were small and consisted solely of young adult females. Results on other demographic groups and more diverse samples might not be the same.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>The study, “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad032">The default mode network and rumination in individuals at risk for depression</a>”, was authored by Tina Chou, Thilo Deckersbach, Darin D. Dougherty, and Jill M. Hooley.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 22, 2023 at 05:01AM
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TITLE:
The Quiet Thrill of Keeping a Secret
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URL:
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/22/well/family/keeping-secrets-psychology.html

New research suggests keeping good news to yourself can be energizing.
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

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DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 03:00PM
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TITLE:
Nicotine use in youth linked to altered brain blood flow, study finds
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/nicotine-use-in-youth-linked-to-altered-brain-blood-flow-study-finds-214652

<p>In a recent study, researchers discovered that frequent use of nicotine products by young adults and adolescents is associated with changes in brain blood flow, particularly in areas critical to addiction and cognitive function. The findings have been published in <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-023-00810-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brain Imaging and Behavior</a></em>.</p>
<p>For years, public health experts have been concerned about the high use of nicotine and tobacco products among young people. Despite numerous efforts to curb this trend, the popularity of e-cigarettes and traditional smoking persists. Prior research has highlighted the potential risks associated with nicotine use, particularly its impact on the developing brain. Building on this knowledge, researchers sought to investigate how nicotine use might affect brain health, specifically focusing on blood flow within the brain, a key factor for healthy brain function.</p>
<p>&#8220;We still don’t fully understand how nicotine use affects the brain, particularly during late adolescence/young adulthood (ages 16-22) when the brain is undergoing rapid neural development,&#8221; said study authors Kelly Courtney and Joanna Jacobus, who are both associate professors of psychiatry at UC San Diego.</p>
<p>&#8220;This is also the time period when many individuals begin using nicotine products for the first time. Cerebral blood flow is one measure of brain health that is particularly relevant as it supplies oxygen and energy substrates throughout the brain and supports the changes that occur during normal neural development. This study investigated whether there was a difference between adolescent/young adult nicotine users and non-users to see if there is any indication of nicotine-related effects on cerebral blood flow.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study involved 194 participants between the ages of 16 and 22, recruited from various educational institutions and via social media in San Diego County. The participants were divided into two groups based on their use of nicotine products: those who used such products at least weekly and those who used them less frequently.</p>
<p>The researchers conducted thorough assessments, including interviews, self-report surveys on substance use and mental health, and urine tests to measure nicotine metabolites. Importantly, participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to measure blood flow in the brain.</p>
<p>In the brains of frequent nicotine users, researchers noted a decrease in blood flow in specific areas: the left and right precuneus, left posterior cingulate cortex, and right anterior cingulate cortex. These areas are known to be crucial in the development of nicotine dependence and in managing cognitive functions like attention and memory.</p>
<p>Interestingly, the study found that as these young nicotine users got older, the decrease in blood flow in these areas became more pronounced, diverging from the pattern seen in non-users, who showed an increase in blood flow with age in these regions.</p>
<p>Moreover, the study observed that the decrease in brain blood flow correlated with higher levels of nicotine metabolites in urine and greater severity of nicotine dependence. However, there was no correlation between recent nicotine use and changes in blood flow, suggesting that these changes are a result of chronic, rather than acute, nicotine use.</p>
<p>&#8220;Results from our study suggest that nicotine use during adolescence may affect the normal changes to cerebral blood flow that occur during neural development,&#8221; Courtney and Jacobus told PsyPost. &#8220;The results also suggest that specific brain regions, known as the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex, are potential key regions involved in the development of nicotine dependence.&#8221;</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>While the study offers valuable insights, it is important to note its limitations. Its cross-sectional nature means it can&#8217;t definitively prove that nicotine use causes these changes in brain blood flow—only that there&#8217;s a link. Also, the study didn&#8217;t find any differences in effects based on the sex of the participants, which is inconsistent with some previous research. The researchers acknowledge that more complex factors, such as the interaction between sex, age, and nicotine use, could not be fully explored due to the study&#8217;s design.</p>
<p>Looking forward, longitudinal studies could track changes over time to better understand the causal relationships and potentially uncover sex-specific effects. This research is a step towards comprehending how nicotine use during critical developmental periods can influence the brain, ultimately aiding in the development of more effective public health strategies to address nicotine and tobacco use in youth.</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11682-023-00810-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The effects of nicotine use during adolescence and young adulthood on gray matter cerebral blood flow estimates</a>&#8220;, was authored by Kelly E. Courtney, Rachel Baca, Courtney Thompson, Gianna Andrade, Neal Doran, Aaron Jacobson, Thomas T. Liu, and Joanna Jacobus.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 01:00PM
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TITLE:
Heightened climate change concerns in adolescents linked to lower life satisfaction and pro-environmental behavior
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/heightened-climate-change-concerns-in-adolescents-linked-to-lower-life-satisfaction-and-pro-environmental-behavior-214656

<p>New research has found that higher worry about climate change among adolescents is linked to worse subjective well-being, higher climate pessimism, and more pro-environmental behaviors. Problem-focused coping mediated the link between worry and pro-environmental behaviors. The study was published in the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102093"><em>Journal of Environmental Psychology.</em></a></p>
<p>Climate change refers to long-term alterations in the Earth&#8217;s climate patterns, primarily driven by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, leads to a warming of the planet and various associated impacts. These impacts include rising global temperatures, more frequent and severe weather events, disruptions to ecosystems, and shifts in precipitation patterns. While the topic of the reality of human activity-induced climate change has long been a hot topic of public debate, the vast majority of actively publishing climate scientists agree that it is indeed real.</p>
<p>Climate change is a topic frequently discussed in the media. Learning about it, many individuals worldwide experience significant worry about the consequences of climate change, even if they have not personally suffered from its effects. This is particularly true in countries like Sweden, where climate change is a prevalent topic in both media and everyday conversations. The issue especially impacts young people, who possess limited political power, yet are likely to face the progressive adverse effects of climate change in their future. Studies suggest that many young people, recognizing this, feel hopeless and pessimistic about the issue.</p>
<p>Study authors Marlis C. Wullenkord and Maria Ojala wanted to explore the relationship between different types of worry about climate change and indicators of subjective well-being.</p>
<p>&#8220;As climate change is becoming more severe, it is increasingly important to understand how people cope with their worries about it,&#8221; explained Wullenkord, a postdoctoral researcher in environmental psychology at Lund University. &#8220;One understudied and particularly vulnerable group is young people. We wanted to understand how their climate worries changed over time and what strategies they used to address those worries. We were particularly interested in how the specific type of worry was related to their mental health and their pro-environmental behavior.&#8221;<span class="im"><br />
</span></p>
<p>The researchers distinguished between worries about oneself and close others (micro worries) and worries about the world and society at large (macro worries). The researchers hypothesized that both types of worries would correlate with lower psychological well-being and higher pro-environmental behaviors. They also suggested that psychological factors, such as coping strategies, might influence this relationship. To explore this, they conducted two surveys.</p>
<p>The first survey, conducted in 2010, involved 321 Swedish high school students. They completed assessments developed by the study authors, which measured climate worry, climate optimism and pessimism, coping strategies, and pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, they were assessed for general affect (using the Child Depression Scale) and life satisfaction (using 7 items from an existing scale).</p>
<p>The second survey, conducted between 2019 and 2020, included 480 Swedish high school students participating in a broader study on adolescents’ experiences with climate change and food choices. They completed the same assessments as in the first survey, focusing on climate worry, climate optimism and pessimism, coping, and pro-environmental behaviors.</p>
<p>The first survey&#8217;s results confirmed that individuals with higher levels of worry about climate change tended to report lower life satisfaction and more general negative affect. This association was more pronounced for micro worry than for macro worry. Worry about climate change was also linked to heightened levels of climate pessimism.</p>
<p>Those who engaged in meaning-focused coping (e.g., &#8216;I have faith in humanity; we can solve all kinds of problems&#8217;) showed a weaker correlation between micro worry and climate pessimism. The study authors believe that meaning-focused coping strategies help prevent micro worries about climate change from turning into climate pessimism. Believing in humanity&#8217;s problem-solving abilities allows individuals to remain optimistic about future climate-related developments. Participants who expressed higher levels of worry about climate change were also more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviors.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>The second survey corroborated the first&#8217;s findings, noting a more pronounced concern for climate worry in the later study.</p>
<p>The findings indicate that &#8220;the way in which people cope with their emotions influences their mental health and pro-environmental behavior,&#8221; Wullenkord told PsyPost.</p>
<p>The study sheds light on the links between climate change beliefs and subjective well-being. However, it should be noted that both studies were conducted on Swedish high-school students, individuals from a country where the topic of climate change is present and discussed much more than in many other world countries. Results on other demographic groups and individuals from other cultures might not yield equal results.</p>
<p>The paper, “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102093">Climate-change worry among two cohorts of late adolescents: Exploring macro and micro worries, coping, and relations to climate engagement, pessimism, and well-being</a>”, was authored by Marlis C. Wullenkord and Maria Ojala.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 11:00AM
.
TITLE:
Frontotemporal dementia: A brain fold may delay onset of symptoms
.
URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/frontotemporal-dementia-a-brain-fold-may-delay-onset-of-symptoms-214658

<p>Few people had probably heard of frontotemporal dementia until earlier this year, when the family of <a href="https://theconversation.com/bruce-willis-has-frontotemporal-dementia-heres-what-we-know-about-the-disease-200188">actor Bruce Willis</a> announced the 68-year-old had been diagnosed with the condition.</p>
<p>Frontotemporal dementia is a rare disease – thought to account for only <a href="https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/dementia-information/types-of-dementia/frontotemporal-dementia/#:%7E:text=Frontotemporal%20dementia%2C%20also%20known%20as,younger%20or%20older%20than%20this.">one in every 20</a> cases of dementia. Symptoms usually develop in a person’s late 50s, first affecting their behaviour, personality and language ability. Unlike other forms of dementia, memory only becomes impaired in the late stages of the disease.</p>
<p>People diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia usually die within eight years of their diagnosis. While around 30% of cases <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31119452">are inherited</a>, the cause of frontotemporal dementia is largely unknown. This also means there are no cures available or treatments to slow its progression.</p>
<p>But <a href="https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/article/5/5/fcad264/7303258">recent research</a>, I have published with colleagues at Lund University, may have brought us one step closer in our understanding of how frontotemporal dementia develops and progresses. We discovered that the way your brain looks may determine your resilience to the condition.</p>
<h2>Brain folds</h2>
<p>During pregnancy, as a foetus’s brain grows within the womb, it develops its distinctive folds while expanding within the skull. These brain folds play an important role in our later <a href="https://www.livescience.com/62892-why-brains-have-folds.html">cognitive function</a>.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-abstract/5/1/56/329572">folds that form</a> early in foetal development are found in both sides of the brain in every person. But there’s one fold that sometimes develops later on in the process. It’s called the <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34192698/#:%7E:text=Apes%20and%20Humans-,The%20Paracingulate%20Sulcus%20Is%20a%20Unique%20Feature%20of%20the%20Medial,Brain%20Behav%20Evol.">paracingulate sulcus</a> – and not everyone has it. In those that do have it, it can either be present on just one side of the brain or both sides.</p>
<p>The paracingulate sulcus is interesting, as its presence can make a significant difference to <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/32/18/3937/6509010">cognitive ability</a>. For example, research has shown that people with a left but not a right paracingulate sulcus have a <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/14/4/424/286436">cognitive advantage</a> – performing better on tasks involving control and even memory.</p>
<p>Given the link between the paracingulate sulcus and cognitive function, our research team at Lund University – alongside colleagues in the US and Amsterdam – began studying this brain fold’s role in dementia.</p>
<p>To really understand what role the paracingulate sulcus plays, the team decided to focus on a type of dementia where brain damage occurs in the same region as this brain fold. The obvious choice for this research was frontotemporal dementia. This aggressive form of early-onset dementia primarily attacks the frontal lobes of the brain – particularly the central portions surrounding the paracingulate sulcus.</p>
<p>Our team studied <a href="https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/article/5/5/fcad264/7303258">MRI brain images</a> of 186 people who had been diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. We excluded participants who had frontotemporal dementia with a genetic cause. Around 57% of participants had a paracingulate sulcus on the right side of their brain.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>We discovered that in participants who had this extra fold on the right side of their brain, their dementia symptoms began on average two and a half years later. This might mean that the paracingulate sulcus may delay the onset of symptoms. These findings were statistically significant – showing they weren’t due to chance or other factors.</p>
<p>This two-and-a-half-year delay in symptoms may not sound like much, but considering the poor prognosis of the condition and the burden of symptoms, this is an extremely meaningful amount of time for patients and their relatives.</p>
<h2>Cognitive reserve</h2>
<p>That said, after the symptoms do begin, patients with this extra brain fold became sicker at a faster rate and survived for a shorter length of time than patients who do not have the fold. So despite the delay in symptoms, patients with and without this extra brain fold still died at a similar age.</p>
<p>Although it may sound strange that a factor can both delay symptoms and later speed them up, this paradox is a key feature of a principle referred to in neuroscience as “<a href="https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219?casa_token=NmBv2BCHXykAAAAA%3APLfoP3DZzMREV0rAmSyRjuMijmoQlKees7-dBYF9okesGGqWCW-62zefj_nUsKM9lRfpaub8pQdZUw">brain reserve</a>”. Brain reserve describes a structure in the brain which provides resilience to a disease before symptoms develop.</p>
<p>Critically, there becomes a point at which the disease overcomes these protective mechanisms, and the patient develops symptoms. After this critical point, people with high brain reserve decline rapidly – faster than people with low brain reserve.</p>
<p>For example, high brain reserve explains why <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/article/S1474-4422(12)70191-6/fulltext">Alzheimer’s disease</a> starts later in highly educated people – though the disease progresses faster for them when symptoms start. According to our research, the paracingulate sulcus operates by a similar principle – first protecting people from symptoms, then progressing rapidly when symptoms do start.</p>
<p>Our research is the first to identify a protective structure in the brain which delays the onset of symptoms in people with frontotemporal dementia. If we can now uncover a way of preserving this protective quality, it could lead to the development of treatments which can help keep symptoms – and the disease – at bay.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding="async" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/216864/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/frontotemporal-dementia-we-discovered-a-brain-fold-that-may-delay-onset-of-symptoms-216864">original article</a>.</em></p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 09:00AM
.
TITLE:
People worse at detecting AI faces are more confident in their ability to spot them, study finds
.
URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/people-worse-at-detecting-ai-faces-are-more-confident-in-their-ability-to-spot-them-study-finds-214650

<p>In new research published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976231207095"><em>Psychological Science</em></a>, a team of scientists have shed light on a perplexing phenomenon in the realm of artificial intelligence (AI): AI-generated faces can appear more &#8220;human&#8221; than actual human faces. This discovery, termed &#8220;hyperrealism,&#8221; has raised important questions about the potential consequences of AI technology in various aspects of society.</p>
<p>The AI revolution has brought about a significant transformation in our daily lives, with one of its prominent features being the creation of incredibly realistic AI faces. However, this progress has sparked concerns about the possible distortion of truth and the blurring of lines between reality and AI-generated content.</p>
<p>AI-generated faces have become increasingly accessible and are being used for both beneficial purposes, such as aiding in finding missing children, and malevolent activities, such as disseminating political misinformation through fake social media accounts. These AI faces have become so convincing that people often fail to distinguish them from real human faces.</p>
<p>&#8220;AI technologies are rapidly changing the way we live, work, and socialize. As a clinical psychologist, I think it’s essential we understand what these technologies are doing and how they are shaping our experience of the world,&#8221; explained study author Amy Dawel, a senior lecturer and director of the <a href="https://anu-emotions-lab.notion.site/anu-emotions-lab/ANU-Emotions-Faces-Lab-264d76848db248819e8c6ba30f17b3ac" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Emotions &amp; Faces Lab</a> at The Australian National University.</p>
<p>&#8220;Young and middle-aged adults will need to pivot how they work, and even what work they do, with new jobs like prompt engineering already on the table. Our children will grow up in a world that looks very different to the one we experienced. We need to do everything we can to make sure that it’s a positive experience, that leaves our next generation better off, not worse.&#8221;</p>
<p>To understand and explain the hyperrealism phenomenon, the researchers drew upon existing psychological theories, such as face-space theory, which posits that faces are coded in a multidimensional space based on how different they are from an average face. Human faces are believed to be distributed within this space, with average features being overrepresented. The researchers hypothesized that AI-generated faces embody these average attributes to a greater extent than real human faces.</p>
<p>Previous studies had shown conflicting results regarding people&#8217;s ability to distinguish AI from human faces. Some suggested that people couldn&#8217;t tell the difference, while others hinted that <a href="https://www.psypost.org/2023/05/people-frequently-perceive-ai-generated-faces-as-more-authentic-than-real-faces-study-finds-163718" target="_blank" rel="noopener">people might overidentify AI faces as human</a>. These inconsistencies were partly attributed to the racial bias in the training data of AI algorithms. For instance, the StyleGAN2 algorithm, widely used for generating AI faces, was predominantly trained on White faces, potentially leading to AI faces that appear exceptionally average.</p>
<p>The new study began with a reanalysis of <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2120481119" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a previous experiment</a>, which found evidence of AI hyperrealism for White faces but not for non-White faces. White AI faces were consistently perceived as more human than White human faces, suggesting a clear case of hyperrealism.</p>
<p>&#8220;Our study highlights the biases that AI is perpetuating. We found that White AI faces are perceived as more human than real people’s faces, and than other races of AI faces,&#8221; Dawel explained. &#8220;This means that White AI faces are particularly convincing, which may mean they are more influential when it comes to catfishing and spreading misinformation.&#8221;</p>
<p>In a subsequent experiment, the researchers recruited 124 White U.S. residents aged 18 to 50 years. Participants were tasked with differentiating between AI-generated and real human faces, specifically focusing on AI-generated White faces. They also rated their confidence in their judgments. The results replicated the hyperrealism effect, with AI-generated White faces consistently being perceived as more human than real human faces.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>Surprisingly, participants who were less accurate at detecting AI-generated faces tended to be more confident in their judgments. This overconfidence further accentuated the tendency for AI hyperrealism.</p>
<p>&#8220;We expected people would realize they weren’t very good at detecting AI, given how realistic the faces have become. We were very surprised to find people were overconfident,&#8221; Dawel told PsyPost. &#8220;People aren’t very good at spotting AI imposters — and if you think you are, changes are you’re making more errors than most. Our study showed that the people who were most confident made the most errors in detecting AI-generated faces.&#8221;</p>
<p>In a second experiment, 610 participants were asked to rate a variety of attributes of AI and human faces. The participants were asked to rate the faces on 14 different attributes, including distinctiveness/averageness, memorability, familiarity, attractiveness, and others. Unlike Experiment 1, participants were not informed that AI faces were present, and those who guessed that AI faces were part of the study were excluded.</p>
<p>The results showed that several attributes influenced whether faces were perceived as human. Faces were more likely to be judged as human if they appeared more proportional, alive in the eyes, and familiar. On the other hand, they were less likely to be judged as human if they were memorable, symmetrical, attractive, and smooth-skinned.</p>
<p>The researchers also used a lens model to investigate how each of the 14 attributes contributed to the misjudgment of AI faces as human. They found that AI faces were more average (less distinctive), familiar, and attractive, and less memorable than human faces. AI hyperrealism was primarily explained by attributes that were utilized in the wrong direction, such as facial proportions, familiarity, and memorability. In contrast, attributes that were utilized in the correct direction, such as facial attractiveness, symmetry, and congruent lighting/shadows, had a smaller effect.</p>
<p>Furthermore, the researchers conducted a machine learning experiment to determine if human-perceived attributes could be used to accurately classify AI and human faces. Using a random forest classification model, they were able to achieve a high accuracy rate of 94% in classifying face types (AI vs. human) based on the 14 attributes identified in Experiment 2. This suggests that AI faces, particularly those generated by StyleGAN2, can be reliably distinguished from human faces using human-perceived attributes.</p>
<p>&#8220;The main problem right now is that a lot of the AI technology is not transparent,&#8221; Dawel said. &#8220;We don’t know how it is being trained, so we don’t have much insight into the biases it is producing. There is an urgent need for research funding to independent bodies, like universities, who can investigate what’s happening and provide ethical guidance.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Government needs to step in and require companies to disclose what their AI is trained on and put in place systems for protecting against bias. If you are a parent, now is the time to lobby your local minister for action on regulating AI, to ensure it benefits rather than harms our children. Companies that are creating AI should be required to have independent oversight.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976231207095">AI Hyperrealism: Why AI Faces Are Perceived as More Real Than Human Ones</a>&#8220;, was authored by Elizabeth J. Miller, Ben A. Steward, Zak Witkower, Clare A. M. Sutherland, Eva G. Krumhuber, and Amy Dawel.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 07:30AM
.
TITLE:
The Brain Isn't as Adaptable as Some Neuroscientists Claim
.
URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-brain-isnt-as-adaptable-as-some-neuroscientists-claim/

<p>The idea of treating neurological disorders by marshaling vast unused neural reserves is more wishful thinking than reality</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 07:00AM
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TITLE:
Beliefs about Emotions Influence How People Feel, Act and Relate to Others
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URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/beliefs-about-emotions-influence-how-people-feel-act-and-relate-to-others/

<p>Thinking about a range of emotions as friends rather than foes improves the quality of our life</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

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DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 07:00AM
.
TITLE:
Attractiveness has a bigger impact on men’s socioeconomic success than women’s, study suggests
.
URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/attractiveness-has-a-bigger-impact-on-mens-socioeconomic-success-than-womens-study-suggests-214653

<p>A recent study published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13320"><em>Social Science Quarterly</em></a> has shed light on an intriguing aspect of our lives—how our physical appearance during our teenage years can impact our future social mobility. Researchers found that being perceived as attractive during adolescence can significantly boost a person&#8217;s chances of moving up the social ladder in terms of education, occupation, and income.</p>
<p>We&#8217;ve all heard the saying that &#8220;looks aren&#8217;t everything,&#8221; but this study suggests that they might matter more than we think when it comes to social mobility. While previous research has explored various factors influencing social mobility, such as education and family background, the role of physical attractiveness has often been overlooked. This study aimed to fill that gap by examining how physical appearance in adolescence might affect a person&#8217;s future opportunities and success.</p>
<p>&#8220;My co-author and I became interested in this topic because there is a popular notion that physically attractive individuals have an advantage over others, not only in terms of finding romantic partners, but also in terms of achieving other important outcomes, such as having higher incomes,&#8221; explained study author Alexi Gugushvili, a professor at the University of Oslo. &#8220;Yet, we couldn’t find many studies which would show if attractiveness really helps to improve individuals’ socioeconomic position when compared to their parents.&#8221;</p>
<p>To conduct the study, researchers analyzed data from <a href="https://addhealth.cpc.unc.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)</a>, which involved over 20,000 adolescents in the United States. They looked at information from three different waves of data collection, spanning from the mid-1990s to the late 2010s.</p>
<p>The researchers assessed the participants&#8217; physical attractiveness using interviewer ratings obtained during the first wave of data collection when the respondents were aged 12-19. The attractiveness ratings ranged from &#8220;very unattractive&#8221; to &#8220;very attractive.&#8221; These ratings were used to gauge the participants&#8217; physical attractiveness during their adolescent years.</p>
<p>To measure social mobility, the researchers compared the educational, occupational, and income attainment of these adolescents in adulthood with the socioeconomic status of their parents. This allowed them to determine whether individuals had moved up or down the socioeconomic ladder compared to their parents.</p>
<p>The researchers found that individuals who were rated as attractive or very attractive during their adolescent years were more likely to experience upward social mobility in terms of education, occupation, and income when they became adults. This effect was significant even after accounting for various factors such as socioeconomic background, cognitive abilities, personality traits, health, and neighborhood characteristics.</p>
<p>&#8220;Despite decades of research on how some individuals climb the social ladder in comparison to their parents, many important characteristics that can facilitate intergenerational social mobility are not well understood,&#8221; Gugushvili told PsyPost. &#8220;In the present study, we showed that being physically attractive helps individuals be better educated, have more prestigious jobs, and earn higher incomes when compared to their parents.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study also uncovered gender differences in the impact of physical attractiveness on social mobility. While physical attractiveness mattered for both males and females, it appeared to have a stronger influence on males&#8217; educational and income mobility compared to females. For females, the effect of physical attractiveness on occupational mobility was less pronounced.</p>
<p>&#8220;The most surprising finding of the study was that physical attractiveness appears to matter more for males than females,&#8221; Gugushvili said.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>But the study, like all research, includes some caveats. For instance, the researchers relied on interviewers&#8217; assessments of physical attractiveness, which may not be a perfect measure. Additionally, factors influencing attractiveness and social mobility could be intertwined in complex ways. Future research could delve deeper into understanding the mechanisms through which physical attractiveness affects social mobility and explore whether these effects persist over time.</p>
<p>&#8220;I think it is particularly interesting to study how and why males benefit more from their looks than females, and if the same association also holds in countries other than the United States,&#8221; Gugushvili said.</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ssqu.13320" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Physical attractiveness and intergenerational social mobility</a>&#8220;, was authored by Alexi Gugushvili and Grzegorz Bulczak.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 21, 2023 at 05:00AM
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TITLE:
Cómo cultivar la resiliencia en los niños: reflexiones de un padre
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URL:
https://www.nytimes.com/es/2023/11/21/espanol/cultivar-la-resiliencia-ninos.html

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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 05:38AM
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TITLE:
Climate on Track to Warm Nearly 3C Without Major Actions, U.N. Reports
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175208&url=https://www.usnews.com/news/top-news/articles/2023-11-20/climate-on-track-to-warm-by-nearly-3c-without-greater-ambition-un-report

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://www.usnews.com/" rel="tag" target="_blank">U.S. News and World Report</a></p>Countries' current emissions pledges to limit climate change would still put the world on track to warm by nearly 3 degrees Celsius this century, according to a United Nations analysis released Monday. The annual Emissions Gap report assesses the gap between promises and action. At 3C of warming, scientists predict the world could pass several catastrophic points of no return, from the runaway melting of ice sheets to the Amazon rainforest...</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 05:37AM
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TITLE:
White House Marks Trans Day of Remembrance
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175216&url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-honors-trans-day-of-remembrance-transgender-americans-violence/

<div><p>Source: <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/us/" rel="tag" target="_blank">CBS News - U.S. News</a></p>U.S. President Joe Biden honored transgender Americans on Trans Day of Remembrance, which falls on November 20 each year and serves to pay tribute to trans people who have lost their lives to violence. &quot;Today, on Transgender Day of Remembrance, we are reminded that there is more to do... as we grieve the 26 transgender Americans whose lives were taken this year,&quot; Mr. Biden said in a statement Monday.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 05:22AM
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TITLE:
Former First Lady, Mental Health Advocate Rosalynn Carter Dies at 96
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175184&url=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiWGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm5iY25ld3MuY29tL25ld3Mvb2JpdHVhcmllcy9yb3NhbHlubi1jYXJ0ZXItZm9ybWVyLWZpcnN0LWxhZHktZGllcy1yY25hNjI4NjLSASpodHRwczovL3d3dy5uYmNuZXdzLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FtcC9yY25hNjI4NjI?oc=5

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://news.google.com/?ned=us&topic=m" rel="tag" target="_blank">Google News - Health</a></p>Rosalynn Carter, the former first lady and humanitarian who championed mental health care, provided constant political counsel to her husband, former President Jimmy Carter, and modeled graceful longevity for the nation, died Sunday at her home in Plains, Georgia. Carter was 96. In a statement, former President Carter said: &quot;Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I ever accomplished.&quot;</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 05:00PM
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TITLE:
Condolences: Study reveals what NOT to say when consoling the bereaved
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/condolences-study-reveals-what-not-to-say-when-consoling-the-bereaved-214619

<p>Bereavement, the process of coping with the loss of a loved one, is a deeply personal and emotional journey. Friends, family, and informal support providers often play a crucial role in comforting the bereaved during this difficult time. However, a recent study sheds light on a concerning aspect of this support system. The research, which involved in-depth interviews with bereaved parents and service providers, reveals some well-intentioned but insensitive remarks commonly made by people attempting to console the grieving.</p>
<p>While there has been significant research on the bereavement process, diagnostic criteria for grief, and possible assessment and treatment options, little attention has been given to the role of laypeople in supporting the bereaved. This study, published in <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00302228211065958"><em>OMEGA &#8211; Journal of Death and Dying</em></a>, aimed to understand how friends, family members, and other informal support providers attempt to console those who are grieving, particularly bereaved parents. The researchers were interested in exploring how certain comments and actions affected the grieving process and the emotional well-being of those mourning the loss of a child.</p>
<p>The study involved 20 bereaved parents and 11 service providers, who were interviewed individually over two hours. The participants were asked to describe their experiences and feelings during the bereavement process, specifically related to the death of a child. They were also asked to identify keywords for different time periods within their bereavement journey and share what was helpful and unhelpful during those times. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim to ensure accuracy.</p>
<p>One of the central findings of the study was the detrimental impact of insensitive remarks made by well-meaning individuals. Participants reported feeling hurt and frustrated by comments that were intended to console them but came across as unhelpful. These remarks fell into several categories, including religious explanations for the loss, comparisons to others&#8217; grief, inappropriate questions, and advice-giving.</p>
<p>Religious explanations such as &#8220;It was God&#8217;s will&#8221; or &#8220;God wanted another angel&#8221; were mentioned as unhelpful and sometimes hurtful. The study suggests that individuals should consider the bereaved person&#8217;s level of religiosity before offering religious explanations. This finding highlights the importance of tailoring support to the individual&#8217;s beliefs and preferences.</p>
<p>Comparing one&#8217;s grief to that of others or making inappropriate comparisons, such as &#8220;I know what you&#8217;re going through because I lost my mother,&#8221; was also cited as unhelpful. Such comparisons can minimize the unique pain experienced by the bereaved and fail to provide the comfort intended.</p>
<p>Another notable finding was the negative impact of advice-giving. Participants expressed frustration when people offered unsolicited advice, such as &#8220;You should do this&#8221; or &#8220;You&#8217;ll get over it.&#8221; Bereaved parents often felt that these suggestions were an attempt to divert their attention from their grief, which was not always welcomed. This suggests that offering advice may not be the most helpful approach when consoling the grieving.</p>
<p>Lastly, insensitive remarks often implied an expectation of a quick recovery. Comments like &#8220;You&#8217;ll be a lot better once you get through Christmas&#8221; or &#8220;It&#8217;s been six months; aren&#8217;t you better yet?&#8221; were perceived as insensitive and dismissive of the grieving process. This finding highlights the need for greater awareness and sensitivity when supporting someone through grief.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s important to note that the study participants recognized that those who made insensitive remarks did not intend to be hurtful. Instead, they were trying to offer comfort and support but lacked the understanding of how their words might affect the bereaved. This emphasizes the importance of education and awareness regarding effective ways to console those who are grieving.</p>
<p>On the other hand, the study revealed several critical insights into what helps bereaved parents during their grieving process.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>Consistently, participants spoke about the importance of non-judgmental support from family, friends, spouses, and employers. Those who had access to such support found it invaluable. It helped them feel less isolated and lonely during a profoundly challenging time. Local bereavement services and peer-support groups also played a crucial role in providing validation for their feelings and allowing them to share their experiences with others who understood their grief.</p>
<p>For some bereaved parents, returning to work provided structure and routine, which they found helpful. The support of co-workers also contributed to their healing process. For those who didn&#8217;t have work to provide structure, they either created routines or expressed a desire for employment to prevent excessive dwelling on their loss.</p>
<p>Participants highlighted the significance of practical assistance from their support networks, such as help with childcare, funeral arrangements, and meal preparation. These acts of kindness reminded them to take care of themselves during a time when they often lacked the energy or motivation to do so.</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00302228211065958">Consoling the Bereaved: Exploring How Sympathy Cards Influence What People Say</a>&#8220;, was authored by Kimberly A. Calderwood and Amy M. Alberton.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 03:00PM
.
TITLE:
Low education is linked to victim-blaming in antisemitic attacks, study finds
.
URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/low-education-is-linked-to-victim-blaming-in-antisemitic-attacks-study-finds-214627

<p>A recent study found that news coverage highlighting both the presence of religious symbols and a socially deprived inner-city location in reports of antisemitic hate crimes led people with lower education levels to perceive the Jewish victim&#8217;s behavior as provocative. This perception, in turn, increased the tendency to blame the victim for the crime. The study was published in the scientific journal <em class="itsmblue"><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/commun-2021-0145/html?lang=en">Communications</a>.</em></p>
<p>Antisemitism, the prejudice against or hostility toward Jewish people, has been growing not only in Europe but also in various parts of the world. Recent incidents in Germany, including an attack on a Jewish person wearing a kippah in Berlin in 2018, have sparked concerns about antisemitic attitudes and hate crimes. These events prompted researchers to investigate the role of news coverage in shaping public perceptions of such crimes.</p>
<p>To examine the impact of news coverage on public perceptions, the researchers conducted an experiment in Germany with the participation of 392 individuals, ranging in age from 18 to 69 years, with an average age of 45.4 years. Roughly half of the participants were female. The study employed a quota-based sample, ensuring that participants represented various demographics in proportion to their prevalence in the population.</p>
<p>Each participant was randomly assigned to one of four groups. In these groups, they were exposed to news articles that described a hate crime against a Jewish person in Berlin. Importantly, these articles were based on real news reports about antisemitic attacks in Germany. The researchers used the appearance and logo of a reputable German news outlet, &#8220;Der Spiegel,&#8221; to lend credibility to the articles. The articles were identical except for variations related to religious symbols and the location of the attack.</p>
<p>In some articles, it was mentioned that the victim wore religious symbols, like a kippah (a Jewish head covering) and a Star of David necklace. In others, the victim was described as not wearing any religious symbols. The location of the attack was also varied; it either took place in front of a Berlin synagogue or in a deprived inner-city area of Berlin known as Neukölln.</p>
<p>The researchers tested whether these different scenarios would influence participants&#8217; perceptions of the victim&#8217;s behavior (e.g. &#8220;The provocative behavior of the victim led to the incident&#8221;) and the degree to which they blamed the victim (e.g. “Through his behavior, the victim bears a share of responsibility in the case”).</p>
<p>Contrary to expectations, the presence of religious symbols alone did not significantly affect participants&#8217; perceptions of provocative behavior. In other words, just wearing religious symbols did not make participants perceive the victim&#8217;s behavior as provocative.</p>
<p>Similarly, news articles emphasizing that the attack occurred in a socially deprived inner-city area, without mentioning religious symbols, also had no significant effect on how participants perceived the victim&#8217;s behavior. The location alone did not lead to perceptions of provocation.</p>
<p>However, when news articles highlighted both the presence of religious symbols and that the attack occurred in a socially deprived inner-city area, participants perceived the victim&#8217;s behavior as significantly more provocative. This combination of cues increased perceptions of provocativeness.</p>
<p>As expected, the perception of provocative behavior positively and significantly predicted victim blaming. In simpler terms, when participants saw the victim&#8217;s behavior as provocative, they were more likely to blame the victim for the hate crime.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>An interesting aspect of the study was the role of education levels. The effects of the combined cues (religious symbols and location) on perceived provocative behavior and subsequent victim blaming were primarily observed in individuals with lower levels of education. Those with higher education did not exhibit the same effects.</p>
<p>While this study provides valuable insights into how news coverage can shape our perceptions in hate crimes, it&#8217;s essential to acknowledge its limitations. The study was conducted in Germany and focused on antisemitic hate crimes, so its findings may not fully generalize to other cultural contexts or different types of attacks and victims.</p>
<p>&#8220;The present study applies the victim blaming framework to antisemitic hate crimes,&#8221; the researchers concluded. &#8220;The results reveal that news coverage about a Jewish hate crime victim’s behavior is perceived as more provocative and, in turn, increases victim blaming, when an article highlights that a victim displayed religious symbols in a deprived inner-city area. Yet, effects were only detectable in individuals with rather low levels of education (and not for individuals with high levels of education), suggesting that these individuals support the idea of so-called &#8216;no go areas for Jews&#8217; at least to a certain extent and when a Jewish citizen chooses to publicly display religious symbols.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/commun-2021-0145/html?lang=en">No-go zone for Jews? Examining how news on anti-Semitic attacks increases victim blaming</a>&#8220;, was authored by Christian von Sikorski and Pascal Merz.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 02:37PM
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TITLE:
Addressing problematic internet use with youth and families
.
URL:
https://ct.counseling.org/2023/11/addressing-problematic-internet-use-with-youth-and-families/

<p>In an ever-increasing digital world, counselors can help families develop healthy guidelines on internet use that consider each child’s developmental needs.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ct.counseling.org/2023/11/addressing-problematic-internet-use-with-youth-and-families/">Addressing problematic internet use with youth and families</a> appeared first on <a href="https://ct.counseling.org">Counseling Today</a>.</p>

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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 01:00PM
.
TITLE:
Contraceptive pills might impair fear-regulating regions in women’s brains
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/contraceptive-pills-might-impair-fear-regulating-regions-in-womens-brains-214644

<p><a href="https://blog.frontiersin.org/2023/11/07/contraceptive-pills-fear-regulating-womens-brains/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-60249 size-full" src="https://www.psypost.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Frontiers-banner.png" alt="" width="855" height="70" srcset="https://www.psypost.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Frontiers-banner.png 855w, https://www.psypost.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Frontiers-banner-600x49.png 600w, https://www.psypost.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Frontiers-banner-300x25.png 300w, https://www.psypost.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Frontiers-banner-768x63.png 768w, https://www.psypost.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Frontiers-banner-750x61.png 750w" sizes="(max-width: 855px) 100vw, 855px" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Fluctuations in sex hormones influence brain activity of the fear circuitry. A team of researchers in Canada has now examined the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use on women’s brains.</strong> <strong>Their findings showed that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) thickness of women who were using OCs was reduced compared to men, suggesting a mechanism on how OC use could impair emotion regulation in women. Based on this study, this effect appears to be reversible after discontinuing use. More studies on impact and reversibility are needed, the researchers cautioned.</strong></p>
<p>More than 150 million women worldwide use <a title="" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/subjects/oral-contraceptives" target="_blank" rel="noopener">oral contraceptives</a>. Combined OCs (COCs), made up of synthetic hormones, are the most common type. Sex hormones are known to modulate the brain network involved in fear processes.</p>
<p>Now a team of researchers in Canada has investigated current and lasting effects of COC use, as well as the role of body-produced and synthetic sex hormones on fear-related brain regions, the neural circuitry via which fear is processed in the brain.</p>
<p>“In our study, we show that healthy women currently using COCs had a thinner ventromedial prefrontal cortex than men,” said Alexandra Brouillard, a researcher at Université du Québec à Montréal and first author of the study published in <em>Frontiers in Endocrinology</em>. “This part of the prefrontal cortex is thought to sustain emotion regulation, such as decreasing fear signals in the context of a safe situation. Our result may represent a mechanism by which COCs could impair emotion regulation in women.”</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Emotion regulation and contraceptives</strong></h2>
<p>“When prescribed COCs, girls and women are informed of various physical side effects, for example that the hormones they will be taking will abolish their menstrual cycle and prevent ovulation,” Brouillard explained. However, the effects of sex hormones on brain development, which continues into <a title="" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/subjects/early-adulthood" target="_blank" rel="noopener">early adulthood</a>, are rarely addressed. Considering how widespread COC use is, it is important to better understand its current and long-term effects on brain anatomy and emotional regulation, the researchers said.</p>
<p>The team recruited women who were currently using COCs; women who used COCs previously but did not at the time of the study; women who never used any form of hormonal contraception; and men. Comparing these groups allowed the researchers to see if COC use was associate with current or long-term morphologic alterations as well as to detect sex differences, since it is established that women are more susceptible to experience anxiety and stress-related disorders than men.</p>
<p>“As we report reduced cortical thickness of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in COC users compared to men, our result suggests that COCs may confer a risk factor for emotion regulation deficits during their current use,” Brouillard said.</p>
<p>The impacts of COC use, however, may be reversible once intake is discontinued, the researchers said. Given that the vmPFC effect found in current users was not observed in past users, the findings did not support lasting anatomical effects of COC use. This, the researchers wrote, will need to be confirmed in further studies.</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" />
<p><a title="" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1228504/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read original article</a></p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Much to learn</strong></h2>
<p>There is still much to learn when it comes to women’s brains and how they are impacted by COC use. For example, Brouillard and team are currently investigating the impact of age of onset and duration of use to delve further into the potential lasting effects of COCs. Given that many teenage girls start using COCs during adolescence, a sensitive period in brain development, user age might also impact reversibility.</p>
<p>Pointing to limitations in their study, the scientists said that no causal relationship can be implied between COC use and <a title="" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/subjects/brain-morphology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">brain morphology</a> and that generalization of their results to a general population may be limited. The researchers also cautioned that drawing conclusion from anatomical findings to behavioral and psychological impact is not possible at this point.</p>
<p>“The objective of our work is not to counter the use of COCs, but it is important to be aware that the pill can have an effect on the brain. Our aim is to increase scientific interest in women’s health and raise awareness about early prescription of COCs and brain development, a highly unknown topic,” concluded Brouillard.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 11:00AM
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TITLE:
New study finds intriguing connections between personality and dietary lifestyles
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/new-study-finds-intriguing-connections-between-personality-and-dietary-lifestyles-214642

<p>A recent study published in <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2023.107085" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Appetite </a></em>has shed light on the relationship between personality traits and dietary choices, uncovering intriguing connections that may help us better understand why some people choose to follow specific diets. Researchers examined the eating habits of individuals, categorizing them into three groups: those who consume animal products (omnivores), those who avoid meat but still consume other animal products (vegetarians), and those who abstain from all animal products (vegans).</p>
<p>Prior research has shown that the prevalence of vegetarian and vegan diets has been on the rise in Western societies. This surge in popularity has sparked curiosity about what motivates people to adopt these dietary preferences. Since personality traits have been known to influence various aspects of life, including lifestyle choices, the researchers aimed to investigate whether specific personality traits were associated with different dietary preferences.</p>
<p>&#8220;We are generally interested in the factors that motivate vegetarian and vegan diets because of their potential to have positive impacts on sustainability, animal rights, reducing the risks of zoonotic disease, and public health,&#8221; said study author <a href="https://www.psychology.uzh.ch/en/areas/sob/perspsy/team/hopwood.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Christopher J. Hopwood</a>, a professor of personality psychology at the University of Zurich</p>
<p>&#8220;There have been a number of papers on personality and these diets recently but this literature had not been summarized. Personality is especially interesting because it has implications for a wide range of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, and thus can help organize the broader literature on psychological predictors of vegetarian and vegan diets.&#8221;</p>
<p>To delve into this intriguing question, the research team conducted a meta-analysis, a technique that combines and analyzes data from multiple previous studies to draw more precise conclusions. They combed through databases such as PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. The aim was to identify studies that examined traits such as Openness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness in relation to dietary habits. These traits fall under the well-known Big Five personality model.</p>
<p>Openness reflects curiosity, creativity, and willingness to embrace new experiences. Conscientiousness involves traits like organization, dependability, and self-discipline. Extraversion relates to sociability, assertiveness, and the preference for social interaction. Agreeableness encompasses attributes like kindness, cooperation, and empathy. Neuroticism relates to emotional stability, anxiety, and susceptibility to negative emotions.</p>
<p>After a meticulous selection process, the researchers included a total of nine studies for the analysis that focused on the distinctions between vegetarians and omnivores, while eight studies were included to explore the differences between vegetarians and vegans. These studies collectively involved 69,576 individuals from various countries, including Germany, the United States, New Zealand, and others.</p>
<p>The researchers found that individuals who identified as vegetarians or vegans scored higher in the personality traits of Openness and Agreeableness compared to omnivores. Among vegetarians and vegans, the only significant personality trait difference was related to Openness, with vegans scoring higher than vegetarians.</p>
<p>&#8220;People from Western cultures who are more open to experience are more likely to be vegetarian than omnivorous and more likely to be vegan than vegetarian, whereas people who are more agreeable are more likely to be vegetarian but this trait does not distinguish vegetarians and vegans,&#8221; Hopwood told PsyPost.</p>
<p>Interestingly, the study did not find consistent associations between other personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness) and dietary choices, suggesting that Openness and Agreeableness were the key personality traits linked to vegetarian and vegan diets.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>&#8220;We expected people who are more neurotic to also be more likely to be vegetarian but did not find that,&#8221; Hopwood said.</p>
<p>But the study, like all research, includes some caveats.</p>
<p>&#8220;These data come from Western samples, used questionnaire measures of both personality and diet, used one particular model of personality traits, and cannot reveal causal mechanisms linking diet and personality,&#8221; Hopwood explained. &#8220;Third variable explanations are possible; for instance, openness to experience is related to being on the political left and this may explain why it is related to vegan diet; agreeableness tends to be higher in women and this may explain why it is related to vegetarian diet.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666323025473" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Meta-analysis of personality trait differences between omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans</a>&#8220;, was authored by Marina E. Reist, Wiebke Bleidorn, Taciano L. Milfont, and Christopher J. Hopwood.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 20, 2023 at 07:00AM
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TITLE:
Single in your 20s? It might benefit your psychological well-being later in life, according to new research
.
URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/single-in-your-20s-it-might-benefit-your-psychological-well-being-later-in-life-according-to-new-research-214584

<p>A recent study has shed light on how experiences of singlehood in young adulthood can impact life satisfaction and earnings after a breakup. The findings, published in the <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12954" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal of Marriage and Family</a></em>, indicate that experiencing singlehood as a young adult could provide valuable skills and resilience, helping individuals navigate the challenges of relationship breakups later in life.</p>
<p>&#8220;Much of the research on how singles differ from partnered people is about how they lack something and how they are worse off (e.g., loneliness),&#8221; said study author <a href="https://lonnekevandenberg.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lonneke van den Berg</a>, a researcher at the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute.</p>
<p>&#8220;We were interested in a potential positive element of singlehood &#8211; how young singlehood might have a developmental value. This interest was sparked by several studies that show that young singles see being single as a time to focus on development, such as building a friend group, investing in education or a career, and learning how to live by themselves. Such investments might be important over the life-course. In this paper we studied one moment in which such investments may be important: when separating from your partner.&#8221;</p>
<p>The researchers delved into 36 years of data (from 1984 to 2019) from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), a household panel that tracks various aspects of people&#8217;s lives, including income, housing, life satisfaction, and family life. They focused on 1,003 individuals who had experienced leaving their parental home, cohabiting or marrying a partner, and eventually separating from that partner.</p>
<p>The study mainly focused on two dependent variables: life satisfaction and labor earnings. Life satisfaction was measured on an 11-point scale (“How satisfied are you with your life, all things considered?”), while labor earnings included income from employment, bonuses, and more.</p>
<p>To ensure that their findings were robust, the researchers set several criteria for their study participants: individuals had to be younger than 25 years old when they left home, they had to be observed both before and after separation, and they needed valid information on key control variables, like education.</p>
<p>The participants were classified into two separate groups: <em>Initially single </em>refers to those who, after leaving their parental home, initially lived on their own without a romantic partner. <em>Immediately coupled </em>individuals are those who, upon leaving their parental home, quickly entered into a romantic relationship or partnership. They did not spend a significant period of time living independently or single after leaving home.</p>
<p>For women, whether they were initially single or immediately coupled before separating from their first partner didn&#8217;t make a significant difference in how their life satisfaction changed over time. Both groups of women experienced a drop in life satisfaction in the year of separation, but there wasn&#8217;t a substantial difference.</p>
<p>Among men, the picture was different. Immediately coupled men saw a more significant decline in life satisfaction in the year of separation compared to initially single men. However, the good news for the initially single men was that their life satisfaction quickly rebounded after the initial drop.</p>
<p>The study also examined how the duration of singlehood played a role. It found that for men, the longer they had been single before partnering, the smaller the negative effects of separation on their life satisfaction. This suggests that initially single men may have built up skills and resources during their singlehood that helped them cope better with the crisis of separation.</p><div class="addrop-wrap" data-id="64749"><p style="text-align: center;">
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<p>When it came to earnings, initially single women had higher annual labor earnings than immediately coupled women two years before separation. However, the earnings gap decreased after separation, and there was no significant difference in earnings between the two groups of women after one year post-separation.</p>
<p>Initially single men had higher labor earnings two years before separation compared to immediately coupled men. Interestingly, immediately coupled men saw an increase in earnings in the year following separation and two years after separation.</p>
<p>The findings indicate &#8220;that there are positive sides to singlehood. And that we see differences between individuals later in life based on experiences in young adulthood, such as living on your own without a partner after leaving home,&#8221; van den Berg told PsyPost.</p>
<p>&#8220;Among men, we saw that the steep decline in life satisfaction in the year of the divorce, the so-called crisis effect, was much smaller if men had already been single before and if they have been single for a longer period. Among women, we saw that the earnings of women who had been single before were already higher before separation. In particular, the earnings of women who were immediately coupled after leaving home went up after separation; women who were single for the first time had to increase their labor market participation more than women who had been single before as the latter group was already more economically independent.&#8221;</p>
<p>But the study, like all research, includes some caveats. This study focused on data from Germany, where attitudes toward singlehood and relationship dynamics may differ from other countries. Future research could explore whether similar patterns exist in different cultural contexts.</p>
<p>Additionally, the study looked specifically at the impact of singlehood on life after a breakup. Future studies could examine whether singlehood in young adulthood has lasting effects on other aspects of life, such as career trajectories and how individuals cope with different stressful life events.</p>
<p>&#8220;We needed quite specific data for our research question: we had to follow individuals from the year they left home up to at least a year after separation from a cohabiting/married partner,&#8221; van den Berg explained. &#8220;A caveat is that this implies that most of the initially single individuals were only single for a few years. It would be interesting to see in future research how individuals fare who were single for a long period (e.g., 10 years).&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;A question we were not able to answer with these data was how individuals cope socially after separation. Based on our theory we expect individuals who were initially single to have a larger personal network; immediately coupled individuals might share more of their network with their partner. It would be interesting to see if initially singles indeed have a larger personal network and if they get more support after separation.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Moreover, for future research it would be interesting to study differences between initially single and immediately coupled individuals in other life situations,&#8221; van den Berg added. &#8220;We studied coping with separation but it would also be interesting to see, for example, what happens in case of unemployment and health problems later in life.&#8221;</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jomf.12954" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The link between singlehood in young adulthood and effects of romantic separation</a>&#8220;, was authored by Lonneke van den Berg and Ellen Verbakel.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

.
DATE:
November 19, 2023 at 01:00PM
.
TITLE:
Evaluating mindfulness-based interventions for anxiety and sleep in teen athletes
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URL:
https://www.psypost.org/2023/11/evaluating-mindfulness-based-interventions-for-anxiety-and-sleep-in-teen-athletes-214628

<p>Mindfulness practices, which center on being present and non-judgmental, have been recognized for their efficacy in reducing anxiety and depression, as well as improving sleep in adults. However, their impact on adolescent athletes, who face unique challenges like performance anxiety and demanding schedules, and face sleep disruptions due to late training sessions and inadequate recovery, remain limited.</p>
<p>Recognizing that both mindfulness-based body scans and relaxation techniques are used for stress reduction, a study recently published in <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-023-02149-w"><em>Mindfulness</em> </a>aimed to determine their comparative effectiveness. Specifically, researchers sought to assess the relative effectiveness of brief mindfulness-based body scan interventions versus relaxation techniques on these young athletes and their influence on self-reported sleep problems and anxiety symptoms.</p>
<p>The study involved 206 adolescent athletes from six high schools in Sweden specializing in cross-country skiing and basketball. The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a 4-week body scan intervention, an 8-week body scan intervention, a 4-week relaxation intervention (active control group), or an 8-week relaxation intervention (active control group).</p>
<p>The body scan intervention involved participants receiving 8-minute audio-guided body scan exercises, while the active control groups received 8-minute audio-guided relaxation exercises. Participants were instructed to practice these exercises regularly on their own.</p>
<p>Data was collected at baseline and then after 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Measures of sleep problems, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were collected using questionnaires.</p>
<p>The findings indicated beneficial changes in sleep problems and anxiety symptoms among all four intervention groups. However, these changes were statistically significant only for anxiety symptoms. This suggests that all interventions, including both body scan and relaxation, had a positive impact on anxiety symptoms over the course of the study.</p>
<p>The study&#8217;s results on sleep problems diverged from previous research that demonstrated that mindfulness is successful in helping young athletes with sleep problems. This may be because a significant portion of the participants had relatively low baseline levels of sleep problems. As a result, the interventions may not have had a substantial impact on sleep problems in this particular group.</p>
<p>It should be noted that the study suffered from a high dropout rate, and it couldn’t effectively control whether participants were actually practicing or not. However, these results are encouraging and suggest that these practises should be part of adolescents athletes daily curriculum.</p>
<p>The study, &#8220;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-023-02149-w">Is a Brief Body Scan Helpful for Adolescent Athletes’ Sleep Problems and Anxiety Symptoms?</a>&#8220;, was authored by Lis Johles, Annika Norell, Carolina Lundqvist, Markus Jansson‑Fröjmark, and Kirsten Mehlig.</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 19, 2023 at 07:48AM
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TITLE:
Smaller Hippocampus Linked to Cognitive Decline
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175092&url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231116140254.htm

<div><p>Source: <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/" rel="tag" target="_blank">Science Daily - Top Health</a></p>With the rise of new drugs that can target the amyloid-beta plaques in the brain that are an early sign of Alzheimer's disease, new ways are needed to determine whether memory loss is due to Alzheimer's or another neurodegenerative disorder. A new study published in the November 15, 2023, online issue of Neurology shows that shrinkage in the hippocampus area of the brain is associated with cognitive decline, even in people who don't have amyloid...</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 19, 2023 at 07:48AM
.
TITLE:
As Colleges Ban Groups Over Antisemitism, New Ones Form
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175108&url=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiVmh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBvbGl0aWNvLmNvbS9uZXdzLzIwMjMvMTEvMTYvY29sbGVnZS1wcm90ZXN0cy1wYWxlc3RpbmlhbnMtaXNyYWVsLTAwMTI3NzA30gEA?oc=5

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://news.google.com/?ned=us&topic=m" rel="tag" target="_blank">Google News - Health</a></p>At George Washington University, a pro-Palestinian student group was suspended for projecting messages on a campus library that read &quot;divestment from Zionist genocide now&quot; and &quot;glory to our martyrs.&quot; Farther north, Columbia University last week suspended two similar groups for repeatedly flouting college policies, such as holding unauthorized events. Yet the suspensions didn't have their intended effect&mdash;new organizations quickly formed.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 09:18AM
.
TITLE:
58% of World's Richest Companies Lobby Against Climate Policies
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175123&url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2023/11/17/net-zero-greenwashing-58-large-corporations-lobby-against-climate-efforts/7141700219198/

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://www.upi.com/Health_News/" rel="tag" target="_blank">United Press International - Health News</a></p>Pledges by the world's largest corporations to fight climate change frequently do not align with their lobbying efforts, with more than half of companies at risk of engaging in misleading practices known as &quot;net zero greenwashing,&quot; according to a new report released Wednesday. The study, by the London-based research center InfluenceMap, examined the lobbying activities of nearly 300 of the largest public companies around the world.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 09:17AM
.
TITLE:
U.S. Women's Life Expectancy Six Years Longer Than Men's
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175058&url=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiPmh0dHBzOi8vbmV1cm9zY2llbmNlbmV3cy5jb20vZ2VuZGVyLWdhcC1saWZlLWV4cGVjdGFuY3ktMjUyMTMv0gEA?oc=5

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://news.google.com/?ned=us&topic=m" rel="tag" target="_blank">Google News - Health</a></p>It's been known for more than a century that women outlive men, but research published November 13 in JAMA Internal Medicine shows that in the U.S., the gap has been widening for more than a decade. The trend is driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and the opioid overdose epidemic, among other factors, leading men to live 5.8 years less than women&mdash;the largest gap since 1996. Life expectancy in the U.S. dropped to 76.1 years in 2021, down from 78.8...</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 09:17AM
.
TITLE:
Magicians Less Prone to Mental Illness, Study Finds
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175074&url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-67423834?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/" rel="tag" target="_blank">BBC News - Top Headlines</a></p>Whether it's entertainers such as Robin Williams or famous painters such as Van Gogh, many creative people have long been known to suffer with their mental health. But new research shows that the same is not so of magicians. According to Aberystwyth University, they' are all but exempt from the inner turmoil experienced by other artists. Why is that? Researchers suspect that it may have something to do with the difficulty of tricks they perform.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 09:11AM
.
TITLE:
Ketamine May Improve Cognitive Function in Depressed Individuals
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175127&url=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMic2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBzeXBvc3Qub3JnLzIwMjMvMTEva2V0YW1pbmUtaW5mdXNpb25zLW1pZ2h0LWltcHJvdmUtY29nbml0aXZlLWZ1bmN0aW9uLWluLWRlcHJlc3NlZC1pbmRpdmlkdWFscy0yMTQ1NjXSAQA?oc=5

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://news.google.com/?ned=us&topic=m" rel="tag" target="_blank">Google News - Health</a></p>According to the World Health Organization, approximately 322 million people worldwide suffer from depression. Now, a study of individuals with treatment-resistant depression has found that four infusions of the antidepressant ketamine led to enhanced cognitive functioning that persisted for five weeks. These improvements appeared to be independent of the antidepressant response. The study was published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 07:43AM
.
TITLE:
U.S. Colleges Face Inquiries Over Alleged Antisemitism and Islamophobia
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175128&url=https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2023-11-17/columbia-cornell-and-other-colleges-face-us-inquiries-over-alleged-antisemitism-and-islamophobia

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://www.usnews.com/" rel="tag" target="_blank">U.S. News and World Report</a></p>The U.S. government has opened civil rights investigations into seven schools over allegations of antisemitism or Islamophobia since the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war. The list includes three Ivy League schools&mdash;Columbia, Cornell, and Penn&mdash;along with Wellesley College, Lafayette College, Cooper Union, and a K-12 school system in Kansas. Five investigations involve alleged antisemitic harassment and two involve alleged anti-Muslim harassment.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 04:11AM
.
TITLE:
Russian Ministry Wants Court to Define LGBTQ "Movement" As Extremist
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175165&url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2023-11-18/russian-ministry-seeks-to-ban-international-lgbt-public-movement-as-extremist-tass

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://www.usnews.com/" rel="tag" target="_blank">U.S. News and World Report</a></p>Russia's justice ministry has filed a motion with the country's Supreme Court to label what it called the &quot;international LGBT public movement&quot; as extremist and to ban its operation within Russia, the state TASS news agency reported Friday. Russia toughened its anti-LGBT laws last year, allowing the authorities to fine any individual or organization found to have promoted homosexuality in public, online, or in films, books, or advertising.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 03:36AM
.
TITLE:
Advertisers Leave X After Elon Musk Endorses Antisemitic Post
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175159&url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-67460386?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/americas/" rel="tag" target="_blank">BBC News - Americas</a></p>Apple, Disney, IBM, and other firms have stopped advertising on X amid an antisemitism storm on the site. The boycott comes after X owner Elon Musk endorsed an antisemitic trope on the platform formerly known as Twitter. Mr. Musk has denied his post was antisemitic and has threatened to sue over the advertising investigation. On Wednesday, he promoted a post that accused Jewish communities of pushing hatred against White people, calling it...</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 18, 2023 at 09:00AM
.
TITLE:
Short Naps Have Major Benefits for Your Mind
.
URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/short-naps-have-major-benefits-for-your-mind/

<p>A light midday snooze boosts memory and other types of cognition&mdash;and your mood</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 17, 2023 at 11:00AM
.
TITLE:
Transgender People's Neurological Needs Are Being Overlooked
.
URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/transgender-peoples-neurological-needs-are-being-overlooked/

<p>Migraine, stroke and epilepsy disproportionately affect members of the transgender community&mdash;but neurologists are often unprepared to respond</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 17, 2023 at 10:30AM
.
TITLE:
The Pandemic Disrupted Adolescent Brain Development
.
URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-pandemic-disrupted-adolescent-brain-development/

<p>Early research presented at the leading brain conference suggests that the pandemic changed the brains of teenagers</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 17, 2023 at 10:00AM
.
TITLE:
'Olfactory Training' during Sleep Could Help Your Memory
.
URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/olfactory-training-during-sleep-could-help-your-memory/

<p>Participants who smelled odors while they slept performed better on word-recall tests</p>
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 15, 2023 at 05:15PM
.
TITLE:
How Does Your Brain Remember and Retrieve Words?
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URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-your-brain-remember-and-retrieve-words/

<p>Here's a look at how the brain uses its mental dictionary to remember and retrieve language</p>
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Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 15, 2023 at 12:30PM
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TITLE:
Helping clients navigate religious trauma
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URL:
https://ct.counseling.org/2023/11/helping-clients-navigate-religious-trauma/

<p>Religious and spiritual experiences are not always positive; sometimes, they cause emotional harm that affects a client’s identity, belief and sense of safety.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ct.counseling.org/2023/11/helping-clients-navigate-religious-trauma/">Helping clients navigate religious trauma</a> appeared first on <a href="https://ct.counseling.org">Counseling Today</a>.</p>

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NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
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Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 15, 2023 at 06:45AM
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TITLE:
Is Snoozing the Alarm Good or Bad for Your Health?
.
URL:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-snoozing-the-alarm-good-or-bad-for-your-health/

<p>New research suggests that hitting the snooze button to squeeze in an extra five or 10 minutes of sleep may actually be good for you</p>
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Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Open Mastodon instance for all mental health workers: https://mastodon.clinicians-exchange.org
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NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
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Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 14, 2023 at 08:45AM
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TITLE:
Africa Seeks Action Plan on Slavery Reparations at Ghana Conference
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175038&url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2023-11-14/africa-seeks-action-plan-on-slavery-reparations-at-ghana-conference

<div><p>Source: <a href="http://www.usnews.com/" rel="tag" target="_blank">U.S. News and World Report</a></p>Financial reparations are long overdue to Africans and the diaspora as compensation for the enslavement of people of African descent, Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo said Tuesday on the first day of a conference on how to address such historical injustices. &quot;Surely, this is a matter that the world must confront and can no longer ignore,&quot; Akufo-Addo said, launching the four-day reparations conference in the Ghanaian capital Accra.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
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Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 14, 2023 at 08:48AM
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TITLE:
Climate Change Now Harms Daily Life Across the U.S., Major Report Finds
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URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=175025&url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/climate-change-harms-daily-life-across-the-united-states-new-federal-report-finds

<div><p>Source: <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science" rel="tag" target="_blank">PBS Science</a></p>The effects of climate change now permeate Americans' daily lives with harm that is &quot;already far-reaching and worsening across every region,&quot; says a massive government report released Tuesday. The National Climate Assessment, which comes out every 4-5 years, paints a picture of a country warming about 60% faster than the world as a whole&mdash;one that regularly gets hit with costly weather disasters while facing even bigger problems in the future.</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
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Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
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psychbot , 8 months ago to psychology

Psychology News Robot
DATE:
November 14, 2023 at 08:45AM
.
TITLE:
New Research Maps 14 Potential Evolutionary Dead Ends for Humanity
.
URL:
http://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?from=rss_feed&id=174999&url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231113111803.htm

<div><p>Source: <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/" rel="tag" target="_blank">Science Daily - Top Society</a></p>For the first time, scientists have used the concept of evolutionary traps on human societies at large. They find that humankind risks getting stuck in 14 evolutionary dead ends, ranging from global climate tipping points to misaligned artificial intelligence, chemical pollution, and infectious diseases. The new landmark study was published in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B and draws on a wide range of scientific...</div><h6 style="clear: both; padding: 8px 0 0 0; height: 2px; font-size: 1px; border: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></h6><br /><a href="https://www.socialpsychology.org/client/redirect.php?action=rssHomepage" target="_blank"><img title="Brought to you by Social Psychology Network" alt="Brought to you by SocialPsychology Network" src="https://www.socialpsychology.org/images/rss-footer-large.png" border="0" width="400" height="45" /></a><br><br>
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