There’s two basic categories of fundamental particle, fermions and bosons, based on what kind of spin they have. Spin in quantum mechanics is a fundamental property; there’s no way to stop an electron (for example) from spinning or to give it more spin. Fermions have half-odd-integer spin and so obey Fermi-Dirac statistics, which means there can’t be more than one of them in a given quantum state. Bosons have integer spin and so obey Bose-Einstein statistics, which means they can bunch up in quantum states. This leads to electrons, which are fermions, separating themselves into separate electron shells, which results in the solid matter we know and love, and bosonic atoms like rubidium being able to form a Bose-Einstein condensate, which has a lot of interesting properties.
Fermions are divided into quarks and leptons, where quarks are fermions that do participate in the strong interaction and leptons are fermions which do not. There’s three generations of each; the quark generations go up and down, strange and charm, and top and bottom, with each generation more massive, and therefore more short-lived, than the previous. All matter you’ve ever directly experienced is made of up and down quarks, which combine to form protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei, using gluons to mediate the strong force. Leptons may be charged or uncharged, by which I mean electrical charge, and also come in three generations named after the charged “electron-like” lepton of that generation, those being electrons, muons, and tauons. Each of those charged leptons has a charge of -1, and, again, each generation is more massive and shorter-lived than the previous. The neutral leptons are the neutrinos, which only participate in the weak interaction and gravity and, therefore, barely interact with other matter at all. Huge volumes of neutrinos from the Sun ghost right through Earth completely unchanged, night and day. Yes, we have solar neutrinos shining up through the ground on us at night. The neutrinos, while they do come in three generations (electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos), have a very poorly-understood mass; while it cannot be zero, we don’t know what it is, only that it’s very small, and beneath some threshold value which gets revised downwards every so often.
Bosons are force carriers, and divided into two categories based on mathematical properties beyond even this post. The gauge bosons, all with spin 1, are the photon, which carries the electromagnetic force, the W and Z bosons, which carry the weak force, and eight gluons, which carry the strong force. The only scalar boson, with spin 0, is the Higgs boson, which is one of the things that helps give matter mass.
Particles have antiparticles, which have equal and opposite charges (electromagnetic, weak, and so on) to their opposite number. For example, the electron’s antiparticle, called the positron, has an electromagnetic charge of +1. Even neutrinos have antiparticles, which helps balance the books as regards something called lepton number. However, some truly neutral particles, such as the photon, the Z boson, and the Higgs boson, are their own antiparticles.
I prefer physical books for the most part but I have a hard time justifying their cost when I own an ereader.
I like listening to audiobooks when I’m out and about but I find I’ll occasionally miss the odd sentence when I get distracted or forget to pause when I take my headphones off which leads to me skipping around trying to find where I was at.
It seems like they are down for a longer time now. How will they recover? Does longer down mean they will have to do more catching up with other instances? Can I get updates somewhere?
Used Reddit for 13 years, tried out Kbin and Lemmy yesterday and settled on Lemmy.
Long story short, I’m going back to Reddit.
There needs to be ONE site, Lemmy.com, that people goto. This entire thing about having .whateveryouwant is VERY off putting. Most internet users have been trained to be extremely wary of odd or unusual things, so having anything besides .com/.net/.org will turn away a huge portion of users.
I initially setup an account on Lemmy.world, then realized that I couldn’t migrate it to another server and that when I deleted that account on that server all my comments were deleted.
Deciphering the distributed nature of it took me, a relatively tech-friendly person, almost the entire day and several ‘What the fuck?’ posts. I now understand it more. There are some very low-level guides that have been haphazardly put together, but there absolutely needs to be a MUCH smoother guide/explanation to this whole thing. That learning process will turn people away for sure.
BECAUSE I understand it more now, I’m left feeling VERY uncomfortable about my data security. If this is going to become a mainstream thing, as it reaches and before it gets to that critical mass of users, there’s going to be SO. MANY. SECURITY ISSUES. There’s no 2fa at all, hacking and user-account hacking is just going to run rampant, and I’m left wondering ‘Where is my username and password actually stored?’. The answer, sadly, is wherever the dude who’s running the instance/server is. In the ‘Fediverse’ your server instance might be hosted in a US or EU data center with proper digital and physical security, or it could be Joe Blows basement in Iowa running off a NAS. The easy-to-see future here is that Lemmy will fail to attract a critical mass of people because they’ll initially arrive, after a few months their instances will just cease to exist/get shut down/the hosts will decide its no longer a fun hobby to do.
With a large corporation, they have the staff and resources to secure and maintain the servers physically and digitally, and keep staff up-to-date on current infosec threats and get out in front of them. Beyond that, if there IS a breach, they have the ability to recognize it, understand the legalities and requirements of reporting it, and can be held accountable by regulatory bodies. Joe doesn’t have the resources to really maintain and keep a server running, nor the knowledge of his responsibilities for keeping the data safe digitally or physically.
On top of that, if Joe’s basement loses power/gets hacked/Joe decides he’s moving to San Fransisco and can’t bring his NAS with him and the server goes down, and that’s where my instance is hosted well there goes my entire account/comments/data.
Finding and subbing to communities is painfully difficult. It should be one-click, but somewhere I need to goto an external list, find what I want, and then copy/paste the URL into the search… and then 50% of the time, it doesn’t work. This is an understandable growing pain and can likely be fixed by UI/UX upgrades, but for now it’s a definite turn-off.
There simply is no content. I’m not a creator, I want content aggregated for me, and I’ve gotten used to having a single place to get it from that floods me with thousands of different articles/memes/posts/etc every minute. Until the user base arrives in one single place and starts generating content, there’s no reason for most people like me to be there as by far the larger number of users never create anything at all and only exist to consume the content generated.
When you’re on the hunt for a new USB power adaptor, you may come across a few options with gallium nitride (GaN) technology. These charging bricks tend to be a bit expensive. But due to their reduced size and increased charging ability, a GaN charger may be your ideal purchase. It could even help you save money in the long...
My current laptop (edit: used for for studio apps, 3D modeling and rendering, and AI stuff) draws 240W but I’d say it’s an improvement over the 500W+ I would be drawing from a desktop that would have been in it’s place. The performance isn’t that competitive with desktop parts but the Perf/Watt definitely better.
Most people are just going to be using their phones and tablets to browse the web and watch videos anyway, with the odd Ultrabook here and there which are still pretty good in a Perf/Watt sense.
I run a few groups, like @fediversenews, mostly on Friendica. It's okay, but Friendica resembles Facebook Groups more than Reddit. I also like the moderation options that Lemmy has....
Used Reddit for 13 years, tried out Kbin and Lemmy yesterday and settled on Lemmy.
Long story short, I’m going back to Reddit.
There needs to be ONE site, Lemmy.com, that people goto. This entire thing about having .whateveryouwant is VERY off putting. Most internet users have been trained to be extremely wary of odd or unusual things, so having anything besides .com/.net/.org will turn away a huge portion of users.
I initially setup an account on Lemmy.world, then realized that I couldn’t migrate it to another server and that when I deleted that account on that server all my comments were deleted.
Deciphering the distributed nature of it took me, a relatively tech-friendly person, almost the entire day and several ‘What the fuck?’ posts. I now understand it more. There are some very low-level guides that have been haphazardly put together, but there absolutely needs to be a MUCH smoother guide/explanation to this whole thing. That learning process will turn people away for sure.
BECAUSE I understand it more now, I’m left feeling VERY uncomfortable about my data security. If this is going to become a mainstream thing, as it reaches and before it gets to that critical mass of users, there’s going to be SO. MANY. SECURITY ISSUES. There’s no 2fa at all, hacking and user-account hacking is just going to run rampant, and I’m left wondering ‘Where is my username and password actually stored?’. The answer, sadly, is wherever the dude who’s running the instance/server is. In the ‘Fediverse’ your server instance might be hosted in a US or EU data center with proper digital and physical security, or it could be Joe Blows basement in Iowa running off a NAS. The easy-to-see future here is that Lemmy will fail to attract a critical mass of people because they’ll initially arrive, after a few months their instances will just cease to exist/get shut down/the hosts will decide its no longer a fun hobby to do.
With a large corporation, they have the staff and resources to secure and maintain the servers physically and digitally, and keep staff up-to-date on current infosec threats and get out in front of them. Beyond that, if there IS a breach, they have the ability to recognize it, understand the legalities and requirements of reporting it, and can be held accountable by regulatory bodies. Joe doesn’t have the resources to really maintain and keep a server running, nor the knowledge of his responsibilities for keeping the data safe digitally or physically.
On top of that, if Joe’s basement loses power/gets hacked/Joe decides he’s moving to San Fransisco and can’t bring his NAS with him and the server goes down, and that’s where my instance is hosted well there goes my entire account/comments/data.
Finding and subbing to communities is painfully difficult. It should be one-click, but somewhere I need to goto an external list, find what I want, and then copy/paste the URL into the search… and then 50% of the time, it doesn’t work. This is an understandable growing pain and can likely be fixed by UI/UX upgrades, but for now it’s a definite turn-off.
There simply is no content. I’m not a creator, I want content aggregated for me, and I’ve gotten used to having a single place to get it from that floods me with thousands of different articles/memes/posts/etc every minute. Until the user base arrives in one single place and starts generating content, there’s no reason for most people like me to be there as by far the larger number of users never create anything at all and only exist to consume the content generated.
How is it possible, that with 90% of subbreddits set to private, the number of posts and comments created on reddit do not decrease according to blackout.photon-reddit.com? (EDIT: I might have based this percent on misinterpreted information, see EDIT at end of comment. But I leave the following paragraphs unchanged for history and food for thought.)
Activity only decreased by 20-30% if I’m being generous looking at the graph. How is this possible, is the graph accurate? How can 10% of subreddits be so active, like nothing happened? That would meanthe remaining 70-80% of activity is happening in 10% of the subreddits which are still open! Which is craaazy.
I have a theory - maybe we are underestimated the amount of bots on the site and they operating like nothing happened in the open subreddits? If this would be the case (and I’m gonna enter speculation and conspiracy territory here), but what if certain parties have quotas to fulfill for advertisers or propaganda machines, so they have to post (using bots or other means)?
I struggle to find the cause of this anomaly, of course you wouldn’t see 1:1 decrease in subbreddits going dark and activity, because people are subscibed to plethora of subbreddits. But I thought that it’ll be at least 50-60% decrease in post activity. Worst case scenario is that these are real users creating real posts and comments, because that would make this protest moot - It would just show reddit management that the community doesn’t matter, general public who come to the site will still interact with the remaining slop, advertisers rejoice.
EDIT: I based the 90% number on this site’s statistic: reddark.untone.uk. My understanding was that these subreddits makes up for most of all subs on reddit. Turns out, as @brightside mentioned in this comment, these are only subreddits that participate in the blackout. Based on the README.md of this reddark fork, it pulls the list of participating subreddits from the threads on r/ModCoord.
However I still feel the impact of the blackout a little lackluster. If this is the case, this statistic could be explained by another phenomenon: that the distribution of reddit activity by subreddits have an incredibly long tail. Meaning, that a significant portion of comments and posts are created in a very large quantity of small subs, which does not participate in the protest.
But as @immolator mentioned in this comment, it’s not only the long tail effect, but there are huge subreddits which does not participate as well, including the largest one /r/AskReddit. Really makes you think about how the blackout is going against the odds.
While I’m not interested in encouraging /r/selfhosted users to leave reddit, I thought it would be good to have some discussion around the possibilities for a selfhosted community on lemmy....
Ok, I can get sort of disagreeing the wildfires are from climate change - that’s a couple of logical steps you have to make. But “It’s not causing anyone to cough” is plainly ludicrous. It was making me cough when I went outside....
Greetings, self-hosting enthusiasts and welcome to the Selfhosted group on Lemmy! I am Fimeg, your tour guide through the labyrinth of digital change. As you’re likely aware, we’re witnessing a considerable transformation in the landscape of online communities, particularly around Reddit. So let’s indulge our inner tech...
Looking at the list of instances there doesn’t seem to be any really perfect options.
Honestly I would be most comfortable with an instance administrated by several people. It just increases the odds that admins will know what they’re doing and not lose interest.
With gaming often bringing me into a really depressive headspace sometimes with how the markets are developing, whats a game you can always go to and just be lost in, or just be happy with?...
It’ll be an odd one compared to everyone else, but DiRT 3 with some good music playing in the background is awesome.
The physics are awesome, a bit arcady but reasonably realistic and manageable even on keyboard and the replay mode is amazing, makes even the shittiest driver look pro with its camera work.
And the rallycross modes and the montecarlo track are amazing.
With rally cross being high speed dirt circuit racing. Constant bumping and AI cars losing control and messing up if you pressurise then enough makes it a fun experience. Dirt 2 is indeed better in all areas like voice lines in rallycross ,except for the handling and rally but I started with dirt 3 so that’s what I am sticking with
just so this doesn’t overwhelm our front page too much, i think now’s a good time to start consolidating discussions. existing threads will be kept up, but unless a big update comes let’s try to keep what’s happening in this thread instead of across 10....
SOMETIMES BUSINESS PEOPLE ARE JUST GREEDY AND SOMETIMES AMERICANS ARE JUST SHITTY, there doesn’t need to be a secret cabal behind everything
while i’ll wait for the source i asked for and gladly correct this if i’m presuming incorrectly, i’d bet the odds are high that “CCP” is just being used as a shorthand/stand-in for a company like TenCent, because that happens a lot in discussions about China and it’s really goofy.
Discovered him around the time XCOM2 got released, because I was looking for someone to learn a trick or two from. Learned a lot from how he plays tactical games, but stayed for his calm and down to earth way (I absolutely can’t stand that hyper, over-the-top crap that a ton of Let’s Players do). Have also discovered the one or other gem through his videos.
Can only recommend!
Oh, and I also watch a ton of stuff on game design due to an interest into game development and recently did a blog post on my favourites there. To quickly summarise that: The Architect of Games, Design Doc, Game Maker’s Toolkit, GDC, Noclip, Razbuten
I really really enjoyed the gameplay loop in Half Life 2 where you have a vehicle and traverse the map in a linear way. You travel, stop, solve puzzles, fight and again travel (and get upgrades along the way)....
One of the most fascinating aspects of DCC is its emphasis on the unexpected and unpredictable. The game embraces the idea that heroic deeds are not reserved for the mighty and invincible. In fact, your character might start as a humble farmer or a lowly gong farmer. The game is also more deadly than average TTRPGs....
This is so sad and bad. This was the one site that had built-in mediainfo for all uploads. You could tell at a glance what was garbage and what wasn’t with a fair degree of certainty. They also were as a result an informal chapters database for movies (plex still maintains a chapters db but they closed it to new submissions in like 2015/2016 or so, so rarbg had chapters for newer movies if the release you got didn’t include them).
They were also not only an incredible source of scene releases but also last resort stuff. There are incredibly rare movies, tv shows that they had their budget-sized encodes of (better than yify/yts which is just intolerably bad looking) which were seeded which you couldn’t find elsewhere outside of very elite private trackers. If you wanted full season packs of some old not so popular TV show from decades ago, rarbg was the only place you could find it (eztv has some stuff but nowhere near as much and I dislike them for the way they pollute and spam api searches in qbittorrent by returning irrelevant random results when there are no real hits on their site when using movie searaching).
By comparison 1337x is at least a tenth if not a hundredth the size in terms of meaningful content (lots of garbage by bad encoders, encoders who I don’t trust not to insert a big burned in “encoded by asshole<name>, visit my spam and malware friends at totallysafesite dot ua”). With rarbg you could count on having subtitles available 99% of the time. You could count on reasonably well done encodes without visible artifacting except upon frame-by-frame analysis. You could count on direct scene releases from known groups as well as their own. They had amiable stuff, NTB webrips, sparks, many others. It was all curated. You wouldn’t find bad encodes or encodes with text spam in them there.
Now, for a lot of things the only option left on only lower tier (/r/opensignups stuff) private trackers is downloading full BD rips and remuxes and re-encoding at enormous expense of time, cpu cycles, heat, etc. For TV shows this is quite an ask as a season alone could easily be over a hundred GB, a full show (and private trackers usually have rules that mean you either have to download the whole thing and seed for a week or seed forever in a vain hope of reaching 1:1 on a partial) could be a terabyte.
Regarding alternatives:
piratebay is pretty much useless for anything but ancient collection torrents IMO. I mean sure people upload stuff but it seems to only be stuff that’s already been uploaded in better places previously. That plus the lack of vetting, malware torrents for software. Generally seems recommended against in most of the piracy scene for anything but last resort. You won’t find good scene releases there or good stuff from quality release groups (unless someone uploaded it as a one-off), won’t find scene stuff with any frequency, there are no native release groups there of any notable quality that I’m aware of.
torrents-csv.ml though an incredible project is just a mirror. No new torrents can be uploaded there. And it doesn’t contain a place for comments or media info (you have to actually open the magnet link or torrent to see the files and download them for mediainfo running against them). So while that’s useful and I’m definitely thankful to the person behind it as in moments like this it’s invaluable, it also has severe limits and if other sites collapsed it would be no replacement.
I’d say the last standing truly good public sites with any variety are 1337x dot to and rutracker dot org. Admittedly rutracker is semi-private but anyone can get the magnet links without signup and you can sign up easily enough not knowing Russian using translation tools. (Use jackett with a rutracker account so you never have to log in and deal with reading around in russian to actually get content)
1337x’s content is also mirrored or re-uploaded on limetorrents (website looks odd, kind of sucks), kickasstorrents (just people leaching off the name sadly but a nice mirror and tracker announcer at least), torlock (no idea, website not as nice as leetx).
However leetx has frequent outages, frequently doesn’t even respond to api queries via jackett and with the death of UTR years ago has only one major release group (QxR) left along with a few dedicated quality releasers who release stuff on a very small scale and infrequently. Additionally it has no requirements for mediainfo which means you have no idea what you’re getting with many of the uploaders. Maybe it’s some crappy encode with italian and no english track. Maybe it lacks subtitles.
And QxR doesn’t do releases of TV shows except when the season is up and they only do a small number of those compared to the amount of new content produced, a totally inadequate replacement (1/1000th of rarbg TV content easily). I know that for example rips of streaming shows, the latest episodes always hit rarbg first. I’m not even convinced that the uploads on other sites like leetx weren’t just people downloading those then re-uploading or at least using them as a source, quickly re-encoding at crap quality and then uploading.
This all said, if you’re reeling from this, do look into entry private trackers /r/opensignups. You will have to wait a while. Most trackers do open up around Christmas/New Years, TL just had an invite give-away for spring which expired (though with rarbg vanishing they may do some sign-ups soon, hard to say). You do need to check daily or every other day as slots can fill up quickly and sometimes openings are only 48 hours. Beware private trackers have rules and it is very easy to get banned if you do not thoroughly read and understand them. If you don’t have a machine that can seed for 12 out of 24 hours a day or more and can’t buy a seedbox you probably won’t be able to stay on most of them.
In the most basic terms, the plot of visual novel "Steins;Gate" involves sending messages into the past in order to set changes in motion that will improve the present and future. Odds are that’s something that Shinobu Yoshida wishes he could do right now.
I remember a comment on Reddit years ago (which i fail to find right now) describing all the cons of hypothetical tech implants, seeing this IRL is decidedly odd and not unexpected…
I assumed, at first, that it was somehow falling through the infinite loop and accidentally runnning the unreachable function, but it clearly explicitly runs it in the assembler generated…
edit: ah, it’s called from __start, which suggests that main is being elided entirely by the optimiser, and somehow ‘unreachable’ is simply becoming a defacto ‘main’
Is there any chance I’ll be caught downloading via DDL?
New user, sorry for mistakes....
ELI5: The standard model of quantum physics
What are the Particles and their categories?
UPDATED 9-3: StarTrek.website - Lemmy info, FAQ, Patreon info, future plans, and more!
https://startrek.website/pictrs/image/590456a7-0f95-4e61-968a-c688dd564033.jpeg...
What's your favorite format for books?
Audiobooks, e-Books, Paper, etc.?
What happend to lemmy.ml? EDIT: Works with ipv6 disabled
It seems like they are down for a longer time now. How will they recover? Does longer down mean they will have to do more catching up with other instances? Can I get updates somewhere?
What Is a GaN (gallium nitride) Charger, and Why Should You Buy One? (www.reviewgeek.com)
When you’re on the hunt for a new USB power adaptor, you may come across a few options with gallium nitride (GaN) technology. These charging bricks tend to be a bit expensive. But due to their reduced size and increased charging ability, a GaN charger may be your ideal purchase. It could even help you save money in the long...
Redditors, how do you like Lemmy?
I run a few groups, like @fediversenews, mostly on Friendica. It's okay, but Friendica resembles Facebook Groups more than Reddit. I also like the moderation options that Lemmy has....
Megathread for Reddit Blackouts and News - Week 1
Hey everyone. If you want to post links or discuss the Reddit blackout, please localize it to this thread in order to keep things tidy!
[META] New or Returning Player? Welcome (Back) to Warframe!
“It began long before us, we who now live our perfect and dull, endless lives.”...
What is the Right Place for the SelfHosted Community?
While I’m not interested in encouraging /r/selfhosted users to leave reddit, I thought it would be good to have some discussion around the possibilities for a selfhosted community on lemmy....
Right-Wing Media Is Saying the Wildfire Smoke Is Good, Actually (www.rollingstone.com)
Ok, I can get sort of disagreeing the wildfires are from climate change - that’s a couple of logical steps you have to make. But “It’s not causing anyone to cough” is plainly ludicrous. It was making me cough when I went outside....
Reddit Exodus: Welcoming the Selfhosted Community to Lemmy - Migrating to Freedom!
Greetings, self-hosting enthusiasts and welcome to the Selfhosted group on Lemmy! I am Fimeg, your tour guide through the labyrinth of digital change. As you’re likely aware, we’re witnessing a considerable transformation in the landscape of online communities, particularly around Reddit. So let’s indulge our inner tech...
Reddit is claiming that Christian Selig (the Apollo dev) attempted to blackmail them (lemmy.ml)
From the tread on reddit:...
Comfort games?
With gaming often bringing me into a really depressive headspace sometimes with how the markets are developing, whats a game you can always go to and just be lost in, or just be happy with?...
a megathread for developments on Reddit and with third-party Reddit apps
just so this doesn’t overwhelm our front page too much, i think now’s a good time to start consolidating discussions. existing threads will be kept up, but unless a big update comes let’s try to keep what’s happening in this thread instead of across 10....
What are your favorite gaming YouTubers? (m.youtube.com)
I linked a Warlockracy video because I really enjoy his choice of games and presentation....
Do People Actually Want to Wear a Headset All the Time? (www.wired.com)
Can anyone suggest me a game that includes travel and is preferably not open world? Details inside...
I really really enjoyed the gameplay loop in Half Life 2 where you have a vehicle and traverse the map in a linear way. You travel, stop, solve puzzles, fight and again travel (and get upgrades along the way)....
If anyone is looking for a fun TTRPG look no further than Dungeon Crawl Classics.
One of the most fascinating aspects of DCC is its emphasis on the unexpected and unpredictable. The game embraces the idea that heroic deeds are not reserved for the mighty and invincible. In fact, your character might start as a humble farmer or a lowly gong farmer. The game is also more deadly than average TTRPGs....
Rarbg shut down (lemmy.ml)
Japanese police make first-ever YouTuber arrest for uploading video game gameplay videos (japantoday.com)
In the most basic terms, the plot of visual novel "Steins;Gate" involves sending messages into the past in order to set changes in motion that will improve the present and future. Odds are that’s something that Shinobu Yoshida wishes he could do right now.
Their Bionic Eyes Are Now Obsolete and Unsupported (spectrum.ieee.org)
Optimized Code (lemmy.ml)