Are you able to try a different distro, preferably something with a more recent kernel such as Bazzite or EndeavourOS? If you can manage to install it, run a dmesg -wT and observe the hardware logs in real-time. If a piece of hardware is playing up, it’ll likely show up in those logs.
If you’re unable to get either of those distros installed, then just try running the live USB instead, maybe use something like SystemRescueCD.