I don’t understand what you mean by “The Chinese Room has already been surpassed by LLMs”. It’s not a test that can be surpassed. It’s just a thought experiment.
In any case, you do bring up a good point. Perhaps this understanding is in the organization of the information. So if you have a Chinese room where all the query-response pairs are in arbitrary orders, then maybe you wouldn’t consider that to be understanding. But if you have the data organized such that similar queries/responses are close to each other and this person in the room doing the answering can make mistakes such as accidentally copying out the response next to the correct response and still make sense, then maybe we can consider this system to have better understanding.