Everbody is in summer and holiday mood, and so are we. However, before we go on annual leave we want to introduce another of our fantastic #emdiplomacy handbook authors to you: Marius Sirutavičius.
Marius is lecturer in #history at the department of history at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas (Lithuania). His research focuses on social and political history of the #earlymodern Grand Duchy of #Lithuania:
For the #emdiplomacy handbook he explored the development of #diplomacy in Poland-Lithuania. Focusing on the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he adopts the perspective of the underdog as research mostly focuses on Poland. He outlines the development from the late 14th century to the turn of the 17th century and the Union of Lublin (1569), which represents a turning point not only in Lithuanian diplomacy.
Unlike other #earlymodern states, Poland and Lithuania did not develop towards more centralised entities but into parlamentary systems. This also had impact on the organisation of the foreign policy and #diplomacy. In 1492
Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellon granted a privilege in which the monarch committed
to maintain relations with other countries only with the consent of the councillors.
From the second half of the 15th century, the Lithuanian Council of Lords conducted foreign relations in tandem with the diplomacy performed by the ruler, which could
be considered a field of parallel diplomacy. These parallel diplomatic actions can be defined as semi-official activities supporting, complementing, correcting or duplicating
the diplomacy between the heads of state. (4/n)
The model of diplomatic activities established in the sixteenth century remained almost
unchanged until a systemic reform of Polish-Lithuanian diplomatic service in
the 1760s. (5/5)
It was 3°C this morning... no summer or holiday mood, I'm afraid.
Work in the study at home in 13° max with no heating cos I'd be losing 90% of the heat to no insulation cos AUS builds like it's the 1840ies in England.
@PetraPanda
al
Sorry to hear about the deficits of Australian architecture. I totally understand that it is hard to have summer feelings under these conditions.
But we have loads of evidence of #emdiplomats who complain about the rain, cold and the wheather in general. So, you are in good company. 😉