Most children are successfully socialized into the culture they’re raised in. I think the usual though process is “I was hit by adults when I was a child” -> “I hit children now that I’m an adult” rather than rebellion.
“Hitting children for any reason is wrong” is an idea that only recently developed in Western culture. It isn’t universal in space or in time and without it, children still generally didn’t grow up to distrust authority or hate injustice.
(Consider a similar phenomenon in the Soviet Army: the tradition of senior conscripts abusing junior conscripts. All those senior conscripts were recently junior conscripts themselves and yet the tradition continues.)