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In case you’re in a hurry here’s the jist for the linked article


Click to expand> Divided loyalties examines the fragmented political landscape in Somalia. The country was once governed by a nationalist party after independence, but clans soon dominated. Siad Barre then instituted a military dictatorship promoting socialism and irredentist nationalism. After his regime fell in 1991, new clan-based polities emerged like Puntland and Somaliland declared independence. The adoption of federalism in 2012 further incentivized clan divisions. Al-Shabaab also vies for control, exploiting clan grievances despite rejecting clan politics. Meanwhile, diaspora Somalis still hope for reunification despite the entrenched political rivalries.
> In short, Somalia faces deep challenges overcoming clan divisions and forging a cohesive national identity after decades of conflict and decentralization.


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