Vaccines against coronavirus have been in development for decades. The urgency for them really ticked up with in the early 2000’s with SARS coronavirus floating around. Also the tech for quickly developing mRNA vaccines has been in the works since the 80’s.
HIV is a very different virus and we do have pretty good treatments to prevent infection (prep) and stop HIV from becoming AIDS. I have someone in my family that has had HIV for decades and he is going to die from old age, not AIDS.
Cancer, like a broken leg, is not a virus. It’s an entirely different medical problem.