SATA is the interface that was mostly used until a few years ago, most people are used to seeing the version using cables (with an L shaped connector at both ends, still seen on 2.5" and 3.5" hard drives) but at some point they started making SATA drives using the m.2 form factor (with a connection similar to the one pictured in the OP) but the m.2 form factor is also used by other interfaces and not all of them are physically the same (the “expansion card” looks similar, the connection can be different), m.2 NVME drives are the ones mostly seen for storage space these days so most people assume that if storage is the m.2 type of will be NVME but sometimes (especially for laptops) it will be SATA that’s required instead (like in OP’s case)
Picture of an m.2 storage drive can be seen here and there’s a keying section that shows the difference between B and M keys: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2