Yes it is a different CPU, of almost the exact same age and architecture. I don’t have a 5300u otherwise I’d be able to compare directly. I’m pointing to similar processors (remember this was about the time that Intel stagnated. They didn’t improve much from Haswell (4th gen) until about Coffee Lake, and kept continuously refreshing Skylake (6th gen) for years. By memory 5th gen was just rebadged Haswell as well) I do have that I have relevant experience with.
On the Minecraft front I don’t think it’s the processor, I suspect you either have a configuration issue, or a thermal budget limitation. I had a Ryzen laptop that was really good, except it did not have the thermal capacity to maintain a workload, and would throttle itself all the way down to 600Mhz if I was doing something CPU and GPU intensive for a long time (such as running a bunch of VMs and trying to browse the web while using an external monitor)