Really? You’ve never heard that? I’m sure if you searched around for some articles you’d hear people or even ideas described as “progressive” or “conservative” equally if not more often than by their parties.
And no, your country and politics specifically avoid those terms, since they want a two party system and that’s part of how it works.
Again, as someone who self-admittedly doesn’t usually follow US politics, you should really stop telling me, a politically-involved US citizen, how you think our politics works. I don’t presume to know more than you about your country’s politics.