Butter was a luxury prior to 150 years ago limited to a hard 20 mile radius of milk farms. 10 if you wanted it to taste good.
Sugar was similarly limited due to either trade with the far east or the establishment of colonies in the west indies. Russia didn’t have a sugar source until sugar beets in the late 1850s.
Most regional European cuisines were developed in the 1700s with the introduction of Tomatoes and Potatoes from the Americas. Both of the spices called out were still luxuries at the time.