Debian predates Ubuntu by a long time. Ubuntu was actually started as a repackaged/modernized version of Debian (yes, I know, it’s a gross approximation, live with it). You WILL find anything you need on documentation on debian. Also, you can download the DVD version that has pretty much anything, including dev tools (like gcc and kernel sources) that you can use to build the driver from source (when you download it via windows for example).
As a personal note: trying to add wifi connectivity to linux is also how I cut my teeth on linux 20+ years ago. It is hard if you don’t know what’s going on, but don’t despair: the knowledge you’ll get will be useful for years to come.