We had the same product you mentioned in Germany, only it was called “Negerkuss” (negro’s kiss). It was than rebranded to “Dickmann’s” (Fat Man’s), which apparently didn’t sit right with the crowd as well.
They are now known as Schaumküsse (Foam Kisses) or Schokoküsse (Chocolate Kisses).
There’s however also a more elaborate pastry version of this which goes by Mohrenkopf (Mohr was considered to be the “polite” way of calling a person of color, Kopf = head), and some bakeries still make and sell them under this name.