Heliocentricism is a good one, the story they teach in school was that “The Pope just didn’t look through Galileo’s Telescope because he believed in Jesus too much!”
In reality other practioneers of the sciences simply couldn’t recreate Galileo’s work and thought it wasn’t worth entertaining, especially since it wasn’t just an idea with evidence against it at the time, but one that was politically messy thanks to the Protestant Reformation…
I really hate it when people oversimplify history, especially to paint any organization in a harsher light than it deserves. (That and if we could get more of certain crowds to realize science is more complicated than just saying “Church bad” that would help a lot…)