The genetic disease Huntington's not only affects nerve cells in the brain but also has widespread effects on microscopic blood vessels according to research. These changes to the vasculature were also observed in the pre-symptomatic stages of the disease, demonstrating the potential for this research for predicting brain health and evaluating the beneficial effects of lifestyle changes or treatments. Huntington's disease is an inherited genetic condition leading to dementia, with a progressive decline in a person's movement, memory, and cognition. There is currently no cure.
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The genetic disease Huntington's not only affects nerve cells in the brain but also has widespread effects on microscopic blood vessels according to research. These changes to the vasculature were also observed in the pre-symptomatic stages of the disease, demonstrating the potential for this research for predicting brain health and evaluating the beneficial effects of lifestyle changes or treatments. Huntington's disease is an inherited genetic condition leading to dementia, with a progressive decline in a person's movement, memory, and cognition. There is currently no cure.
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Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
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Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
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NYU Information for Practice puts out 400-500 good quality health-related research posts per week but its too much for many people, so that bot is limited to just subscribers. You can read it or subscribe at @PsychResearchBot
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Since 1991 The National Psychologist has focused on keeping practicing psychologists current with news, information and items of interest. Check them out for more free articles, resources, and subscription information: https://www.nationalpsychologist.com
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EMAIL DAILY DIGEST OF RSS FEEDS -- SUBSCRIBE: http://subscribe-article-digests.clinicians-exchange.org
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June 11, 2024 at 12:00PM
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TITLE:
Loneliness linked to cognitive decline in older adults, study finds
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URL: https://www.psypost.org/loneliness-linked-to-cognitive-decline-in-older-adults-study-finds/
<p>Loneliness is a prevalent experience among older adults with significant implications for cognitive health. A recent study spanning 15 European countries found that loneliness was associated with lower cognitive performance across all assessed cognitive domains. This research was published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000777"><em>Psychology and Aging</em></a>.</p>
<p>Loneliness refers to the gap between desired and actual relationships and presents a public health concern among older adults. Loneliness is associated with numerous negative health outcomes, such as poorer cardiovascular health, increased depressiveness, early mortality, and cognitive decline.</p>
<p>It can trigger physiological responses like inflammation and immune dysregulation, which can harm cognitive health. At the same time, cognitive impairments can worsen loneliness by affecting social relationships, indicating a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline.</p>
<p>Researchers Laura Cachón-Alonso and colleagues used data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), specifically Waves 5-8, ranging between 2013 to 2020. This survey employs probability-based sampling, ensuring the representativeness of the older population in each participating country. The final sample consisted of 55,662 adults aged 50 and older, drawn from 15 European countries. Participants were divided into two age groups: those aged 50-64 years and those aged 65-97 years.</p>
<p>Loneliness was assessed using the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, which includes questions about feelings of lack of companionship, feeling left out, and feeling isolated, and a direct question asking participants how often they feel lonely, all rated on a 3-point Likert scale from “often” to “hardly ever/never”. Cognitive function was evaluated across four domains including verbal fluency, numeracy, immediate and delayed recall. The study also controlled for various confounds, including age, sex, geographical area, educational level, partnership status, depressive symptoms, and chronic diseases at baseline.</p>
<p>The researchers found significant age differences in the link between loneliness and cognitive function. For participants aged 65 and older, higher levels of loneliness were predictive of lower cognitive performance across all cognitive domains in subsequent waves.</p>
<p>Specifically, increased loneliness was linked to declines in verbal fluency, numeracy, and immediate recall; however, the association with delayed recall was not significant in the fully adjusted model. Further, lower verbal fluency predicted increased loneliness over time, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. These results suggest that loneliness may be a significant psychosocial risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults.</p>
<p>Interestingly, the study found no significant associations between loneliness and cognitive performance among adults aged 50-64, indicating that the impact of loneliness on cognitive health may increase with age. Future research ought to explore interventions that mitigate the effects of loneliness on cognitive function.</p>
<p>The researchers note the limitation presented by potential selective attrition. While they handled missing data in their analyses, these methods cannot fully eliminate the risk of bias.</p>
<p>The study, “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000777">Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Longitudinal Analysis in 15 Countries</a>”, was authored by Laura Cachón-Alonso, Christian Hakulinen, Markus Jokela, Kaisla Komulainen, and Marko Elovainio.</p>
DATE: June 11, 2024 at 11:00AM
SOURCE: Psychiatric Times
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Small mental health day centers in NYC are getting pushed out in favor of much larger, less personal day centers. https://t.co/ngCOUl8hds
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DATE: June 11, 2024 at 10:19AM
SOURCE: Psychiatric Times
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An FDA Advisory Committee unanimously recommended donanemab for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. This could lead to the drug's approval later this year. https://t.co/bdi0bsd3NC
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DATE: June 11, 2024 at 10:00AM
SOURCE: Psychiatric Times
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. @MarkLRuffalo shares 5 reasons why we need to study the history of psychiatry. https://t.co/5BlpEzzUbj
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DATE:
June 11, 2024 at 08:00AM
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TITLE:
Consistent ADHD medication use linked to lower crime rates in adolescents
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URL: https://www.psypost.org/consistent-adhd-medication-use-linked-to-lower-crime-rates-in-adolescents/
<p>A study from the Netherlands found that adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who consistently take their medication are 33% to 38% less likely to commit minor offenses compared to their peers with low medication adherence. This finding applies equally to both boys and girls. The research was published in the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13997"><em>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</em></a>.</p>
<p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD struggle to maintain attention, complete tasks, and organize activities. Hyperactivity manifests as excessive fidgeting, an inability to stay seated, or excessive talking. Impulsivity can result in hasty actions without considering consequences, interrupting others, or difficulty waiting for turns.</p>
<p>ADHD is typically diagnosed in childhood, but symptoms often persist into adulthood, negatively affecting personal, academic, and professional life. Due to their impulsivity and reactivity, individuals with ADHD are more likely to be involved in criminal activities such as violence and public-order crimes. Research indicates that treatment for ADHD reduces the likelihood of criminal behavior compared to untreated individuals with ADHD.</p>
<p>Study author Paul T. Rosenau and his colleagues noted that previous research mainly focused on the propensity for serious crimes among individuals with ADHD. However, most offenses committed by adolescents are minor. With this in mind, they investigated whether adolescents with ADHD who adhere to their medication regimens are less likely to commit minor offenses.</p>
<p>The researchers combined data from Statistics Netherlands on registered minor offenses and the Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics for national prescription data on ADHD medication. Halt, a Dutch government institution focused on preventing and addressing juvenile delinquency, provided data on minor offenses. In the Netherlands, minor offenses include disturbances or nuisances causing damages not exceeding €900 per perpetrator, total damages of €4,500, or embezzlement or deceit up to €150.</p>
<p>The researchers analyzed data from 18,234 adolescents aged 12 to 18 who committed at least one minor offense between 2005 and 2019. Of the participants, 82% were boys.</p>
<p>In the Netherlands, ADHD medication prescriptions can be filled for up to 90 days. The study considered an adolescent to be non-adherent to their medication regimen if more than 100 days passed between prescriptions, unless the previous prescription was for a larger quantity of medicine. The study also recorded whether the adolescent committed a minor offense and was registered with Halt in a given year.</p>
<p>The results indicated that adolescents were 33% to 38% less likely to commit a minor offense during years when they adhered to their medication. This reduction in offenses was consistent regardless of gender or type of medication.</p>
<p>“Our results support that persistent use of ADHD medication according to prescription reduces the risk of committing a minor offense compared to inconsistent medication use, regardless of sex, type of ADHD medication or offense category. This suggests that it may be clinically important to monitor and guard ADHD medication adherence closely,” the study authors concluded.</p>
<p>The study sheds light on the link between crime rates and ADHD in adolescents. However, it is important to note that the study’s design does not allow for causal conclusions. While it is possible that nonadherence to medication increases the likelihood of minor offenses, other unmeasured factors might also contribute to both criminal behavior and poor medication adherence.</p>
<p>The paper, “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13997">ADHD medication adherence reduces risk of committing minor offenses in adolescents,</a>” was authored by Paul T. Rosenau, Andrea Dietrich, Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker, and Pieter J. Hoekstra.</p>